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Accessory Organs of the Skin
A) __
1) __ can be found in nearly all regions of the skin.
2) Individual __ develop from cells at the base of the __, an __ of the __ that dips down into the __.
3) As new cells are formed, old cells are pushed outward and become __, forming the __.
4) A bundle of smooth muscle cells, called the __, is attached to each __.
5) __ is determined by __; __ from __ is responsible for most __, but __ also contains the pigment __.
- Hair follicles
- 1) hair
- 2) hairs/ hair follical/ invagination/ lower epidermis/ dermis
- 3) keratinized/ hair shaft
- 4) arrector pili muscle/ hair follicle
- 5) hair color/ genetics/ melanin/ melanocytes/ hair color/ red hair/ trichosiderin
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B)__
1) __ (__ glands) are associated with hair follicles and secrete __ that __ and __ the hair shafts.
- Sebaceous glands
- 1) sebaceous glands/ holocrine/ sebum/ waterproofs/ moisturizes
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C) __
1) __ are protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes.
2) __ consist of __ overlying the __, with the __ as the most actively growing region of the __.
3) As new cells are produced, older ones are pushed outward and become __.
4) The __ is the hard part made of dead keratinized cells.
6) The __ is what the __ is attached to.
- Nails
- 1) nails
- 2) nails/ stratified squamous epithelial cells/ nail bed/ lunula/ nail root
- 3) keratinized
- 4) nail plate
- 5) nail bed/ nail plate
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D) __
1) __ glands (__) are either __,w hich respond to __, or __, which respond to __, __, and __.
2) Modified sweat glands, called __, secrete __ in the __.
3) __, another type of sweat glands, secretes __.
- Sweat glands
- 1) sweat/ suderiforous glands/ eccrine/ body temperature/ apocrine/ body temperature, stress, and sexual arousal
- 2) ceruminous glands/ wax/ ear canal
- 3) mammary glands/ milk
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Regulation of Body Temperature
1) Proper __ is vital to maintaining __.
2) The __ plays a major role in __.
3) __ cells, such as those of the __ and __, produce __.
4) __ may be lost to the surroundings from __.
5) The body responds to excessive heat by __ and __.
6) The body responds to excessive cooling by __, __ and __.
7) the __ is the region in the brain that plays a part in __.
- 1) temperature regulation/ metabolic reactions
- 2) skin/ temperature regulation
- 3) Active/ heart and skeletal muscle/ heat
- 4) Heat/ skin
- 5) dilation of dermal blood vessels/ sweating
- 6) constricting dermal blood vessels/ inactivating sweat glands/ shivering
- 7) hypothalamus/ temperature regulation
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Healing of Wounds and Burns
1) __, in which blood vessels __ and become more __, causing tissues to become red and swollen, is the body's normal response to __.
2) __ are filled in by __cells.
3) Deeper cuts are closed off by _, covered by __, and eventually filled in by __, making __. __ extend into the area, injured tissues are replaced, and the __ falls off.
4) Large wounds leave __ and healing may be accompanied by the formation of __.
- 1) inflammation/ dilate/ permeable injury
- 2) superficial cuts/ reproducing epithelial cells
- 3) clots/ scabs/ fibroblasts/ connective tissue/ blood vessels/ scab
- 4) scars/ granulations
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Burns
1) _ should be left alone.
2) __ of the __ may restrict __, causing increased tissue __ with resultant __ (in these cases, __ is indicated).
3) __ are applied to encourage healing and prevent __; __ medications for this purpose include __, __, and __.
- 1) intact blisters
- 2) circumferential burns/ extremities/ blood flow/ pressure/ ischemia/ escharotomy
- 3) dressings/ infection/ topical/ Silver nitrate solution/ Silver sulfadiazine/ Sodium mafenide
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Burn Size:
1) __- used to estimate the percentage of body burned in adults ( each section is or adds up to nine)
2) __- scattered burns can be estimated by comparing size of the patient's hand, which constitutes about __ percent of the body surface
- NOTE: when one entire foot is burned, its approximately equivalent to __ of the body.
- 1) Rule of Nines
- 2) Rule of Palm/ 1.25/ 3.5
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Explain malignant melanoma?
- tumor of melanocytes
- increased metastasis
- 30-60 years old
- fair skinned
- deadly
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Cause of malignant melanoma?
sun exposure
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Location of malignant melanoma?
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presentation of Malignant melanoma?
any pigmented lesion with a change in appearance
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Treatment of malignant melanoma?
excision and chemotherapy
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