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Digestive System
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List the
layers
of the
alimentary canal
in order
1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa
Identify organ locations within quadrants and /or relative to other structures
1.
stomach
--> ULQ next to diaphragm
2.
pancreas
-->retroperitoneal-->inferior & posterior to stomach
3.
liver
--> URQ next to diaphragm
4.
gallbladder
--> inferior to liver
List and define processes that aid movement through the alimentary canal.
deglutition
= swallowing
peristalsis
--> progressive wave of contraction in the alimentary canal
Define
mechanical digestion
physical breakdown
List and define the process that contributes to
mechanical digestion
1.
mastication
= chewing
2.
churning
= tumbling
3.
segmentation
=isolated contractions
List substances that aid in
chemical digestion
1. HCI
2. bile salts
3. enzymes
What is the pH of saliva when it flows & what accounts for it?
pH
of saliva is
alkaline
because of
bicarbonate
Where is the location of the
gastroesophageal sphincter?
oral cavity
Where is the location of the
pyloric sphincter?
stomach
What is the
hormone of stomach
& it's function
gastrin
& it stimulates acid and pepsin secretion
What are the
exocrine secretions
of the stomach & their
functions
?
1. mucus
2. intrinsic factor
3. hydrochloric acid
-->activates pepsin
4. pepsin
--> starts protein digestion -->breaks down to polypeptides
What are the
exocrine secretions
of the
pancreas
& their functions?
1. sodium bicarbonate
-->neutralizes acid
2. amylase
--> carbohydrate digestion
3. lipase
--> fat digestion
4. polypeptidase
--> protein digestion
Where do the
exocrine scretions
of the
pancreas
act?
small intestines
Functions of the liver?
1. protein metabolism
2. carbohydrate metabolism
3. lipid metabolism
4. ketone body syntheis
5. hormone metabolism
6. resistance
7. blood reservoir
8. vitamin & mineral storage
9. bile secretion
a
.What are the substances found in bile?
b
.What are their functions or fate?
a
.1. bilirubin-------->
b
.excreted
2. cholesterol----->
b
.excreted
3. bile salts------->
b.
fat digestion & fat absorption
Retention of what substance accounts for jaundice?
bilirubin
What is the
functional cell type
of the
liver?
hepatocytes
What % loss of functional liver cells disrupts homeostasis?
80%
List
blood vessels
that
supply the liver
& their oxygen & nutrient contents.
hepatic artery--> oxygen rich
portal vein:---> nurtrient rich
What part of small intestine receives enzymes & bicarbonate from pancreas as well as bile from the liver or gallbladder?
duodenum
What is the function of the gallbaldder?
stores bile
Parts of the small intestine from proximal to distal are:
duodenum--> jejunum--> ileum
What is the
function
of the
villi
and
microvilli
?
increase surface area for absorption
What are the
hormones produced
by the
small intestine
and what are their functions?
secretin
--> stimulates bicarbonate
cholecystokinin
--> stimulates enzyme secretion by pancreas and gall bladder contraction
What organ is the major site of digestion and absorption?
small intestines
What are the
final products
from digestion of protein and carbohydrates in the small intestine?
protein
=amino acids
carbohydrates
=monossacharides
Where are proteins absorbed for transport?
blood
Where are carbohydrates absorbed for transport?
blood
Define emulsification
large pieces of fat made into smaller pieces
globules to droplets
Where does
emulsification
occur & what substance promotes it?
emulsification occurs in the
liver
&
bile salts
promote it
What
lipoprotein
is
triglyceride incorporated
into after it's digested and absorbed into the small intestinal cells?
chylomicrons
Fat is absorbed into what for transport?
lymphatics
Parts
of
large intestine
from poximal to distal
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid
rectum
What are the functions of the large intestines?
1. asorption
2. fecal consistency
3. the gas we pass
The Gas We Pass
by Shinata Cho points out most gas is the result of what?
swallowed air
The Gas We Pass
by Shinata Cho also points out that intestinal trauma or surgery has what effect on the intestines?
causes it to shut down
Author
muzacgrl
ID
114677
Card Set
Digestive System
Description
Digestive System
Updated
2011-11-05T20:28:40Z
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