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Respiratory System
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Functions of Respiratory System
gas exchange & acid-base balance
2 Anatomical zones & their functions
Conducting zone-
-> bulk movement of gas
Respiratory zone
--> gas diffusion between conducting zone and blood
Parts of conducting zone from proximal to distal & wich contain smooth muscle or cartilage in their walls
1. nasal cavity
2. pharynx
3. larynx
epiglottis--> cartlidge flap
glottis--->vocal folds & openings
4. trachea
--> cartlidge rings
5. bronchus
--> cartlidge & smooth muscle
6. bronchiole
-->no cartlidge
7. terminal bronchiole
Define
epiglottis
cartlidge flap--> covers airway during swallowin
Define
glottis
vocal folds & opening
Define
alveolus
distal functional units surrounded by capillaries
Process that contributes to respiration & define each
1.Ventilation
--> bulk gas movement in & out of conducting zone
2. External respiration
--> gas diffustion between alveolus & blood across the respiratory membrane
3. Internal respiration
--> gas diffusion between blood & cells
4. Cellular respiration
-->oxidation of organic compounds to produce Co2 & H2O--> purpose is ATP
What are the components of
ventilation?
Inspiration & expiration
Define which components of ventilation are active versus passive & under what conditions.
Inspiration is active
due to
diaphragm contraction
Expiration is passive
due to
diaphragm relax
How does pulmonary volume relate to intrapulmonary pressure in both inpiration and expiration
Inspiration
= lung volume increases & pressue decreases
Expiration
= lung volume decreases & pressure increases (can be active if blockage or exercise)
Surfactant
--what type of compound is it, what is it's function & what does it prevent?
compound
--> phospholipid
function
--> decreases surface tension of water
prevents
-->collapse
What is
tidal volume
?
air inspired or expired (normal breath)
What is
vital capacity
?
maximum air expired after maximum inspiration
What is
partial pressure
?
pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture
Cite the
rule
that governs
gas diffusion
a gas diffuses from high to low partial pressure
independently
of other gases in the mixture
What would be a correct pari of partial pressure that would promote diffusion of a specific gas from one location to another
Partial pressure (P) O2 alvelous--> P O2 blood
P CO2 blood--> P CO2 alvelous
How is most
oxygen
transported in the blood?
oxyhemoglobin
How is most
carbon dioxide
transported in the blood?
bicarbinate
Relevant arterial PO2 values
1. 90 mm Hg (typical)--> 97% O2 saturation
2. 60 mm Hg (most important)--> 90% P O2< 60(large decreases in O2 saturation= respiratory failure
3. 40 mm Hg (critical factor)--> 75% (symptoms)
a.What stimulus does
centeral chemoreceptors
respond to?
b. How is ventilation rate affected?
a. small CO2 increases
b. rate increases
a.What stimulus does
peripheral chemoreceptors
respond to ?
b. How is ventilation rate affected?
a.Large O2 decreases
b. rated increases
What is the major drive in normal persons?
hypercapnic drive
What is the major drive in persons who retain CO2?
hypoxic drive
Author
muzacgrl
ID
114656
Card Set
Respiratory System
Description
Respiratory System
Updated
2011-11-05T19:16:32Z
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