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What age group seek orthodontic care?
all ages
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Give a type of genetic cause for malocclusion?
Child inherits mothers small jaw and fathers large teeth
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"blank" is the specialized branch of dentistry that diagnoses, prevents, and treats dental and facial irregularities.
orthodontics
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"blank" is structures that include the teeth, jaws, and sorrounding facial bones.
dentofacial
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What are some orthodontic treatments?
- straightens teeth that are rotated, tilted, or improperly aligned
- correct crowded or unevenly spaced teeth
- correct bite problems
- aligns upper and lower jaws
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How can orthodontic treatment eliminate or reduce adversity for the patient?
- Psychosocial problems- strong influence on self esteem
- Oral malfunctions- difficulties when chewing, jaw discrepancies, malocclusion, TMJ pain
- Dental disease- malocclusion causes dental decay and periodontal disease
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What is the emphasis of study for the orthodontics?
- orofacial growth and development, new techniques, biomechanics and research.
- 3 years for ortho programs
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What are the most common encountered developmental disturbances?
- Congenitally missing teeth
- Malformed teeth
- Supernumerary teeth
- Interference with eruption
- Ectopic eruption
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"blank" is an abnormal direction of tooth eruption.
ectopic
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What are environmental causes?
- Birth injuries
- -fetal molding-arm is abnormally pressed against mandible
- -Trauma-injury to jaw in actual birth(forceps)
- Injury throughout life
- -damage to permanent tooth buds
- -movement of tooth as result of premature loss of primary tooth
- -Direct injury to permanent tooth
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"blank" is pressure applied to the jaw, causing a distortion.
Fetal molding
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What are habits that affect the dentition?
- Tongue thrusting
- Tongue thrust swallowing
- Thumb and finger sucking
- Bruxism-grinding
- Mouth breathing
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What term is used for abnormal occlusion?
Malocclusion
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What tooth is used to determine a person's occlusion?
maxillary first molar
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If a tooth is not properly aligned with its opposing tooth, is is said to be in
Cross-bite
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If a person occludes and you cannot see the mandibular anterior teeth, what is the patients malalignment?
Overbite
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The maxillary and mandibular teeth when closed correctly are referred to as being
occluded or having normal occlusion
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Any occlusion that is deviated from a class I normal occlusion is called? (according to Angle's classification)
malocclusion
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"blank" consists of a normal relationship with the molars, but the anterior teeth wil be out of alignment with malpositioned or rotated teeth.
Class I Malocclusion
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"blank" is in which the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
Class II Maloclussion = distoclusion
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What is another name for Class II Malocclusion?
distoclusion- mandible is in a abnormal distal relationship to the maxilla
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A common name for teeth protruding over the mandibular anterior teeth?
buckteeth
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What is another name for Class III Malocclusion?
Mesioclusion- The body of the mandible is in an abnormal mesial relationship to the maxilla.
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"blank" is when the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the interdental space b/w the distal cusp of the mandibular first permanent molar and the mesial cusp of the mandibular second permanent molar.
Class III Malocclusion= Mesioclusion
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Common name for the mandibular anterior teeth protruding in front of the maxillary anterior teeth?
underbite
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"blank" is the most common contributor to malocclusion, condition that occurs when teeth are not properly aligned within the arch.
crowding
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"blank" is excessive protrusion of the maxillary incisors.
overjet
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"blank" is alack of vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors, creating an opening of the anterior teeth.
open bite
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What two positions does the orthodontist evaluate for facial symmetry?
- Frontal analysis- bilateral symmetry, size proportion of midline to lateral structures, vertical proportionally
- profile analysis- to determine whether the jaws are proportionately positioned, evaluate lip protrusion and vertical facial proportions and mandibular plane angle
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What type of radiograph is used to review the anatomic base for malocclusion?
cephalometric radiograph
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How many phtographs are taken during the records appointment?
- 5
- Two standard extraoral photographs
- Three standard intraoral photographs
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What gypsum material is commonly used for fabricating diagnostic casts in the orthodontic office?
plaster
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What does corrective orthodontics include?
- Fixed appliances- cemented or bonded (cannot be removed by patient)
- Removable appliances- correction or maintenance
- Orthognathic surgery (problem is severe)
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Radiograph used to view the eruption process of primaryand permanent teeth, as well as to evaluate the amount of space available for the eruption process.
Panoramic radiograph
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What are the diagnostic casts used for?
diagnosis and case presentations of the orthodontic patient
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What instrument is used to seat a molar band?
bite stick
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Is the orthodontic scaler used for removing calculus from around the fixed appliance?
no, is used to remove excess cement or bonding material, bracket placement, removalo f elastomeric rings
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What is another name for 110 pliers?
Howe pliers
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When insurance coverage is in place whos responsibility is to submit periodic progress claims for reimbursement?
the subscriber
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"blank" guides the elastic or wire ligature tie around the bracket.
ligature director
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"blank" is a round serrated end that helps seat a molar band for a fixed appliance.
band plugger
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To prepare for the placement of orthodontic bands, what procedure is completed to wedge teeth apart?
placement of separator
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When bands are cemented, what can be used to prevent cement from getting into the buccal tubes or attachments?
lip balm(chapstick) or utility wax
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Are brackets cemented or bonded to a tooth?
bonded to enamel of tooth
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Where would most auxiliary attachments be found on braces?
molars bands or single brackets
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What type of arch wire is indicated for correcting malaligned teeth?
round wires
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In what two ways can you measure an arch wire without placing it in the patients mouth?
- Using study model
- used arch wire that is being replaced
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Besides the use of ligature ties, what technique can be used to hold an arch wire in place?
elastomeric ties
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"blank" is another term for fixed orthodontic appliances
Braces= bands, brackets, arch wires, auxiliaries that can move a tooth in six directions- mesially, distally, lingually, facially, apically, occlusally
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What is the sequence for appointments for the orthodontic patient?
- 1. placement of separators
- 2. cementation of molar bands
- 3. bonding of brackets
- 4. insertion or arch wire and trying in with ligature tie or elastomeric ties
- 5. adjustment checks
- 6. retention of teeth
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What are two main methods of separation used for posterior teeth?
- Steel separating springs
- Elastomeric separators
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When placing steel separating springs what side is placed into the lingual embrasure?
the bent-over end of the longer end
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"blank" are small device bonded to teeth to hold the arch wire in place.
bracket
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What type of material is used to construct brackets?
- stainless steel
- titanium
- ceramic
- or combination
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"blank" are attachments that are located on brackets and bands to hold arch wire and elatic in place.
auxiliary
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"blank" is a contoured metal wire that provides force when teeth are guided in movement for orthodontics.
arch wire
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Type of arch wire used for movement because its flexibility, used during initial stages for malaligned or crowded teeth.
Nickel titanium / NiTi
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Type of arch wire that's stiffer and stronger than other types of wire and is used to apply greater force and give better stability to control teeth.
Stainless steel wire
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Type of arch wire that provides a combination of strenght, flexibility and memory. used when many bands have to be placed.
Beta titanium (TMA)
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Type of newer arch wire made from composite material with a top coating of optical glass fibers.
Optiflex
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Wires used during the final stages of treatment to position the crown and the root in the correct maxillary and madibular relationship.
square or rectangular wires
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"blank" are light wire used to hold or tie the arch wire in its bracket.
ligature ties
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Type of ligature ties that have been spot-welded at the tip to form a hook for the attachment of elastics.
Kobayashi hooks
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"blank" are accessory items made of elastic materials that help in tooth movement.
- power products
- elastic chain ties-for continuos "O's" used to close space b/w teeth
- Elastics or rubber bands- palced form one tooth to another in same arch to close space b/w teeth and correcting occlusal realtionship.
- Elastic thread- type of tubing used to close space or aid in eruption of impacted teeth
- Comfort tubing- enhance patients comfort by covering arch wire
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"blank"is a new orthodontic alignment technique used today for simple alignment of teeth
Vacuum-formed clear aligner
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Who's responsability is it to check the patients appliance?
chairside assistant
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What is checked for existance during checking appliances?
- broken or missing arch wires
- Loose brackets and bands
- Loosen, broken or missing ligatures and elastics
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What are the results if a person does nor take care of his or her mouth properly?
- rampant decay
- hypocalcification
- periodontal disease
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What additional appliance might the orthodontist use to control growth and tooth movement?
headgear
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How can hard foods possibly harm braces?
Loosen bands and bend and occasionally break arch wires
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How can a patient make flossing easier with braces?
Floss teeth using a floss threader
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When a patient's braces come off, does this mean that treatment is over?
No, retention is necessary!
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Give an example of a retention appliance.
- positioner
- hawley retainer
- lingual retainer
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Most commonly used removable retainer
Hawley retainer
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"blank" is an appliance used for maintaining the positions of the teeth and jaws after orthodontic treatment.
retainer
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"blank" is an appliance used to retain teeth in their desired position.
positioner
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To ease placement of orthodontic bands, what procedure is completed to open the contact b/w teeth?
placement of a separator
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An extraoral radiograph of the bones and tissues of the head is a
cephalometric radiograph
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