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What are periradicular tissues?
Tissues that sorruound the root of the tooth.
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This unique specialty manages the prevention, diagnosis, and treatmentof the dental pulp and periradicular tissues.
Endodontics
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What is Endodontic treatment often referred to as?
root canal theraphy
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Removal of the dental pulp and filling of the canal with material also provides an effective means of saving a tooth that might otherwise have to be extracted.
root canal theraphy
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What specialist performs root canal theraphy?
Endodontist
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What is the necessary continued training for a dentist to become an endodontist?
minimum of 3 years in clinical skill and research of pulp theraphy
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What will result if bacteria reach the the nerves and blood vessels of a tooth?
infection will result in abscess
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What is an abscess?
localized area of pus
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What are the two main sources of of pulpal nerve damage?
- physical irritation- cause bt extensive decay that has moved into the pulp carrying bacteria
- trauma- such as blow to a tooth or the jaw, can cause trauma to sorrounding tissues.
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What are some symptoms of Pulpal damage?
- sensitivity, discomfort, pain
- Pain when occluding
- Pain during mastication
- Sensitivity to hot or cold beverages
- Noticeable facial swelling
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What diagnosis is given when pulpal tissues are inflamed?
pulpitis
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Would pain be a subjective or objective component of a diagnosis?
Subjective examination- symptoms and problems described by patient
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Tooth #21 is the questionable tooth for possible endodontic treatment. What tooth would be used as a control tooth?
#12, same type in the opposite quadrant
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When a dentist taps on a tooth, what diagnostic test is being performed?
percussion- tap on incisal or occlual surface with the end of a mouth mirror
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How many radiograph may be taken through the course of root canal therapy?
- 5
- Initial radiograph- during diagnostic stages before treatment
- Working length image- once the pulp has been opened, determine lenght of canal
- Final instrumentation image- with final size files in all canals receiving treatment.
- Root canal completion image- Completed canal is filled
- Recall image- posttreatment evaluations
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Give another term used for necrotic or necrosis.
nonvital
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technique of examinig the soft tissue with the examiners hands or fingertips. (firm pressure to mucosaabove the apex of the root)
palpation
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Test using extreme temperature?
- Thermal sensitivity:
- cold test- using ice and control tooth
- heat test- using heated gutta percha
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What is used to determine whether the pulp is vital or nonvital?
Electric pulp testing
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Not living, as in oral tissue and tooth structure?
nonvital
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"blank" is conducted by the endodontist, who evaluates the status of the tooth and surrounding tissues?(decay, tooth mobility, swelling, discoloration, pulp exposure)
objective examination
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What indicates no subjective symptoms or objective signs?
Normal pulp- responds normal to sensory stimuli
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"blank" occurs when the pulp is irritated and the patient is experiencing pain to thermal stimuli, eliminitating the irritant and placing sedative may save pulp.
Reversible pulpitis
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"blank" dispays symptoms of lingering pain and is incapable of healing.
Irreversible pulpitis = root canal therapy or extraction
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An inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection.
periradicular abscess
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Plastic type of filling material used in endodontics.
Gutta-percha
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"blank" is characterized by the presence of a draining sinus tract. (asymptomatic)
Chronic periradicular abscess
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"blank" is inflammatory response with pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation, and swelling of the tissues resulting from necrosis.
Acute periradicular abscess
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"blank" is inflammatory reactions to bacteria trapped in the periodontal sulcus.
Periodontal abscess
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"blank" a cyst that develops near the root of a necrotic tooth.
Periradicular cyst
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"blank" is the decrease of livinf cells within the pulp, causing fibrous tissue to take over the pulpal canal.
Pulp fibrosis
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What dental material would be selected for pulp capping?
calcium hydroxide
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How much of the pulp is removed in a pulpotomy?
Coronal portion of the exposed vital pulp (to preserve vitality of remaining portion of pulp)
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"blank" is placement of medication over a partially exposed pulp.
indirect pulp cap
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"blank" is application of dental material with an exposed or nearly exposed dental pulp.
Direct pulp cap
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"blank is complete removal of vital pulp from a tooth.
- Pulpectomy
- also referred as root canal therapy
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What dental instrument has tiny projections and can be used to remove pulp tissue?
broach
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can endodontic files be placed in a handpiece for use?
only rotary-operated files and burs
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What type of file is best suited to shape and contour the pulpal canal?
k-type file
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Why is a rubber stop used on a file?
to prevent perforation(making a hole) of the apex of a tooth
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What does obturate mean?
- Process of filling a root canal.
- Objective is to place a fluid-tight seal in the canal from apical to coronal to prevent re-entry of microorganisms
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"blank" is a double-ended isntrument that is long and straight which helps locate canal openings.
endodontic explorer
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"blank" has a very long shank which allows to reach deep into the canal to remove coronal pulp tisue, decay, and temporary cements.
Endodontic spoon excavator
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"blank" are Instruments that condense and adapt the gutta-percha point into the canal.
- spreaders- pointed tip
- plugger- flat tip
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"balnk" is instrument used for placement of temporary restorations and removal and placement of gutta-percha.
Glick #1
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What type of file is best suited for canal enlargement?
hedstrom
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"blank" are inserted into the canal to absorb the irrigated solutionand to dry canal canal.
paper points
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What type of irrigation solutions are available for root canal therapy?
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Parachlorophenol
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The irrigation material most commonly used during root canal therapy is
diluted sodium hypochlorite
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"blank" is cement-type material that seals out the unfilled voids during the obturation process.
Root canal sealers
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What type of moisture control is recommended for root canal therapy?
dental dam
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What surface of an anterior tooth will the dentist enter when performing root canl therapy?
- lingual surface
- posterior teeth- occlusal surface
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What are the anesthetic techniques of choice for endodontic treatment?
- Infiltration for maxillary teeth
- Nerve block for mandibular teeth
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"blank" is to remove or clean out the pulpal canal.
debridement- remove bacteria, necrotic tissue, organic debris and smooth and shape for filling to adapt to walls
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What is the sucess rate of root canal therapy?
90 to 95% of the time
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What surgical procedure involves removal of the apex of a root?
Apicoectomy
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"blank" is surgery that may be necessary to determine why healing has not occurred after root canal therapy
Exploratory surgery
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"blank" is surgical removal of infectious material surrounding the apex of a root.
Apical curettage
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"blank" is small restoration placed at the apex of a root. When apical seal is not adequate.
Retrograde restoration (root end filling)
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"blank" is removal of one or more roots without removal of the crown of the tooth.
root amputation
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"blank" is surgical separation of a multirooted tooth through the furcation area.
hemisection
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Root canal therapy process?
- 1. Prepare field of operation- anesthetic
- 2. Removing the pulp- irrigate
- 3. Cleaning and Shaping the canal- files, rubber stop, irrigation, paper points,
- 4. Preparing to fill the Canal- gutta-percha, take working lenght radiograph,
- 5. Filling canal- remove master cone, apply sealer, Glick #1, plugger, place temporary restoration, posttreatment radiograph. check occlusion
- 6. Posttreatment instructions and follow up
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