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Three Major Functions of ankle and foot:
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1. Shock absorption
- 2. Adapt to level (unevenness) of ground
- 3. Provide a stable base of support to propel body forward
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Tuberosity -
- posteriorly
- M. Sustentaculum tali
- –Medial superior part
- –Projects out from rest of the bone
- –Supporting the medial side of the talus
- –three tendons loop around, changing direction, from posterior leg to the plantar foot
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•Numbered 1-5, medial to lateral
- •1st and 5th are weight-bearing bones
- •2nd, 3rd, and 4th are not
- •Landmarks
- –Base - proximally
- –Head - distally
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•Same composition as hand
- •Great toe = 1st digit
- –Proximal and distal phalanx
- •2nd through 5th
- –“Four lesser toes”
- –Proximal, middle, and distal phalanx
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. Hindfoot
- - Talus and calcaneus
- - Contacts ground first in gait,
- influences rest of foot
- B. Midfoot
- - Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
- - Provide stability and mobility
- C. Forefoot
- - Metatarsals and phalanges
- - Adapts to level ground
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Dorsiflexion
- B. Plantar flexion
- C.Inversion =
- Supination
- - raising medial border
- D.Eversion =
- Pronation
- - raising lateral border
- E. Adduction
- F. Abduction
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•INversion (Supination) - rigid foot for propulsion
- –Plantar flexion
- –Adduction
- •Eversion (Pronation) - shock absorption
- –Dorsiflexion
- –Abduction
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