chapter 8

perspective that emphasizes the roles of thinking and social learning in behavior

ex) stimulus> organism> response

• "we are not our own feelings"
• -we are in control of our own actions

seeing it in your head how things fit.

-insight learning

-cognitive map

-latent learning

drawing maps on one's head

a behavior that only shows up when there is a reason to display it.

• learning new information or behaviors by watching others
• -modeling

-kids do this everytime

tendency of some conditioned respnoses to revert back toward innate response pattern.

• innate, inherited reasoning abilities, memory, and speedd of information processing. Its biological things you inherit.
• - declines with age though

• refers to the store of knowledge and skills gained through experience and education.
• -tends to increase throughout one's lifetime

-1st: every test must have norms or average scores developed by giving the test to a variety of different people.

-2nd: all testing procedures must be standarized. All test takers need to be given same instructions, questions, and time limits. They must all follow same objectives score standards.

all tests need to be retaken to see consistencies and not see a major drop off

- test- retest method

- split-half method

participants scores on 2 seperate administrations of the same test are compared

involves splitting a test into 2 equivalent parts and determining the similarity between the 2 halves

ability of the test to measure what it is desgined to measure

- Criterion-related validity: accuracy in which test scores can be used to predict another variable of interest.

-test scores and college success

copies, mimics, and enhances natural neurotrasnmiters

blocks or stops neurotasnmitters

-paralyzes muscles.