nutrition test-#2

animal foods: liver, egg yolk, cream, butter or fortified margaine, fortified milk

plant foods: dark green and deep or ange veggies (spinach, collards, broccoli, pumpkin, sweet potatoes,carrots)

vision cycle, adapting light and dark, tissue growth, especially skin and mucus membranes, reproduction,immune function

• men: 900mcg/day
• women: 700mcg/day

night blindness, xerosis, xerophthalmia, susceptibility to epithelial infection; dry skin, impaired immunity, growth, and reproduction

• ul:3000mcg/day
• hair loss, irrated skin, bone pain, liver damage, birth defects

absorption of calcium and phosphorus, calcification of bones and teeth, growth

• AI: 19-50yr: 5mcg/day
• 51-70yr: 10mcg/day
• 70+: 15mcg/day

cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol

rickets and growth retardation in childern, osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults

UL: 50mcg/day calcification of soft tissue, kidney damage, growth retardation

synthesized in skin with exposure to sunlight, fortified milk, fish oils

antioxidant: protection of materials that oxidize easily

adults: 15 mg/day

breakdown of RBCs, anemia, nerve damage, retinopathy

UL: 1000mg/day (from supplements) inhibition of vitamin K activity in blood clotting

vegetable oils, vegetable greens, wheat germ, nuts, seeds

normal blood clotting and bone development

AI: men, 120mcg/day; women, 90mcg/day

bleeding tendencies, hemorrhagic disease, poor bone growth

• UL: not set
• interference with anticoagulation drugs

synthesis by intestinal bacteria; dark-green, leafy vegetables, soybean oil

antioxident; collagen synthesis; helps prepare iron for absorption and release to tissues for red blood cell formation, metabolism

• men: 90mg
• women: 75mg
• smokers an additional 35mg/day

scurvy: sore gums; hemorrhages, especially around bones and joints; anemia; tendency to bruise easily; impaired wound healing and tissue formation; weakened bones; impaired wound healing

2000mg; diarrhea

citrus fruit, kiwi, tomatoes, melons, strawberries, dark leafy vegetables, chili peppers, cabbage, broccoli, chard, green and redpeppers, potatoes

normal growth; coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism; normal function of heart, nerves, and muscle

• men: 1.2mg
• women: 1.1 mg

beriberi: GI: loss of appetite, gastric distress, indigestion, deficient hydrochloric acid; CNS: fatigue, nerve damage, paralysis; CV: heart failure, edema of legs

not set; unknown

pork, beef, liver, whole or enriched grains, legumes, wheat germ

normal growth and energy; coenzyme in protein and energy metabolism

• men: 1.3 mg
• women: 1.1 mg

ariboflavinosis; wound aggravation; cracks at comers of mouth; swollen, red tongue; eye irritation; skin eruptions

not set; unknown

milk, meats, enriched cereals, green vegetables

coenzymes in energy production; normal growth, health of skin

• men: 16mg NE
• women: 14mg NE

pellagra; weakness; loss of appetite; diarrhea; scaly dermatitis; neuritis; confusion

35 mg; skin flushing

meats, poultry, fish, or enriched grain products

coenzyme in amino acid metabolism: protein synthesis, heme formation, brain activity; carrier for amino acid absorption

• 19-50 yr: 1.3 mg
• men> 51: 1.7 mg
• women> 51: 1.5 mg

anemia; hyperirritability; convulsions; neuritis

100 mg; nerve damage

wheat germ, legumes, meats, poultry, seafood

coenzyme in synthesis of heme for hemoglobin; myelin sheath formation to protect nerves

2.4 mcg

pernicious anemia; poor nerve function

not set; unknown

liver, lean meats, fish, seafood

formation of CoA; fat, tholesterol, protein, and heme formation

AI: 5 mg

unlikely because of widespread distribution in most foods

not set; unknown

meats, eggs, milk, whole grains, legumes, vegetables

bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and relaxation, nerve transmission

• 19-50 yr: 1000 mg
• > 51 yr: 1200 mg

tetany, rickets, osteoporosis

2500 mg; increases risk of kidney stones, constipation; interferes with absorption of other nutrients

dairy products, fish bones, fortified orange juice and cereals, legumes, green leafy vegetables

bone and tooth formation, energy metabolism, DNA and RNA, acid-base balance

700 mg

unlikely but can cause bone loss loss of appetite, weakness

4g; bone resorption (loss of calcium)

high-protein foods (meat, dairy) and soft drinks

major extracellular fluid control, water balance, acid-base balance, muscle action, transmission of nerve impulse and resulting contraction

• AI: 19-50 yr: 1.5g
• 51-70 yr: 1.3g
• >71 yr: 1.2g

fluid shifts, acid-base imbalance, cramping

2.3 g; hypertension in saltsensitive people, edema

table salt, processed foods (luncheon meats, salty snacks)

major intracellular fluid control, acid-base balance, regulation of nerve impulse and muscle contraction, blood pressure regulation

AI: > 14 yr: 4.7 g

irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing, muscle weakness

not set; cardiac arrest

fresh fruit, vegetables, meats, whole grains

acid-base balance (chloride shift), hydrochloric acid (digestion)

• AI: 19-50 yr: 2.3 g
• 51-70 yr: 2.0 g
• >71 yr: 1.8 g

hypochloremic alkalosis in prolonged vomiting, diarrhea

not set; unlikely

table salt, processed foods

coenzyme in metabolism, muscle and nerve action, aids thyroid hormone secrtion

• men: 400-420 mg
• women: 310-320 mg

tremor, spasm, low serum level after GI losses or renal losses from alcoholism, convulsions

350 mg (from supplments); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

whole grains, nuts, legumes, green vegetables, seafood, cocoa

essential constituent of cell protein, hair, skin, nails, vitamin, and collagen structure; high-energy sulfur bonds in energy metabolism

diets adequate in protein contain adequate sulfur

unlikely

not set; unlikely

meat, eggs, cheese, milk, nuts, legumes

synthesis of T4, which regulates cell oxidation and BMR

150 mcg

goiter, cretinism, hypothyroidism

1100 mcg; goiter

iodized salt, seafood