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Division Zygomycota (Zygote Fungi)
- Black bread mold
- Rhizopus stolonifer
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Division Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
- Peziza cups
- Morals
- Truffles
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Division Basidiomycota ( Club Fungi)
Mushrooms, Shelf Fungi, and Stinkhorns
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___Produce asexual spores only
Anamorphs
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Rrna sequencing places most in Ascomycota a few are Basidiomycota
- Penicillium
- Sporothrix (subcutaneous mycosis)
- Stachybotrys, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses)
- Candida albicans (cutaneous mycoses)
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Anamorphs Nutritional Adaptations
- Grow best in an acid ph of about 5.0
- Almost all molds are aerobic while most yeasts are facultative anaerobes.
- Most fungi are resistant to osmotic pressure.
- Can grow with very low moisture.
- Require less nitrogen than bacteria.
- Capable of metabolizing complex carbohydrates.
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Economic Effects of Fungi
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Bread, wine, HBV vaccine
- Trichoderma: Cellulase
- Taxomyces: Taxol
- Entomophaga: Biocontrol
- Paecilomyces: Kills termites
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Fungal Diseases is also known as
Mycoses
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Systemic mycoses:
Deep within body
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Subcutaneous mycoses:
Beneath the skin
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Cutaneous mycoses:
Affect hair, skin, and nails
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Superficial mycoses:
Localized, e.g., hair shafts
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Opportunistic mycoses:
Caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi
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___are plant-like protists Some are unicellular, some are multicellular
Algae
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___ requires water for reproduction and nutrient absorption
Algae
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The body of Algae is called a
Thallus
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Stems of algae are called
Stipes
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Leaf-like structure in algae
Blades
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Root-like structure in algae
Holdfasts
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All species can reproduce ___
Asexually
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Algae are ___
Photoautotrophs
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All have ___ and some other colored pigment
Chlorophyll
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Brown algae (kelp)
Phaeophyta
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___ has Cellulose and alginic acid cell walls
Phaeophyta
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___ has Chlorophyll a and c, xanthophylls
Phaeophyta
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___Store carbohydrates
Phaeophyta
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___ is Harvested for algin
Phaeophyta
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___ is Red algae
Rhodophyta
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___ has Chlorophyll a and d, phycobiliproteins
Rhodophyta
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___Store glucose polymer
- Harvested for agar and carrageenan
- Rhodophyta
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___is Green algae
Chlorophyta
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___ has Chlorophyll a and b
Chlorophyta
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___Store glucose polymer and Gave rise to plants
Chlorophyta
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___ has Pectin and silica cell walls
Diatoms
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___ has Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls
Diatoms
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Fossilized ___formed oil
Diatoms
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___Produce domoic acid
Diatoms
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___has Cellulose in plasma membrane
Dinoflagellates
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___ has Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins
Dinoflagellates
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___ Store starch
Dinoflagellates
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Plankton Produces ___
Oxygen
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Some Plankton produce toxins:___
Gymnodinium breve Alexandrium
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Dinoflagellates Algal blooms ___
Red tide
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Oomycota is a Water molds with Cellulose cell walls which Produce
Zoospores
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Algae is Important in ___
Aquatic food chain
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80% of Earth O2 is produced by ___
Planktonic algae
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Most of the world’s petroleum is formed from ___ & ___
Diatoms and plankton
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Lichen is a combination of an ___ & ___
Algae and a fungus (symbiosis)
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Protozoa are First ___
Animal
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___are unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophic organisms (protista)
Protozoa
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Protozoa is Vegetative form is a
Trophozoite
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Protozoa’s Asexual reproduction is by ___, ___ or ___
- Fission, budding or schizogony
- Protozoa Sexually reproduce by ___
- Conjugation
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Only One Protozoa contains chlorophyll ie ___
Euglena
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All Protozoa live in areas with a large supply of ___
Water
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All protozoa contain a ___ and ___
Vacuole and anal pore
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Medically Important Phyla of Protozoa
- Archaezoa
- Microspora
- Amoebozoa
- Apicomplexa
- Ciliophora
- Euglenozoa
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Characterstics of Archaezoa
- No mitochondria
- Multiple flagella
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)
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Characterstics of Microspora
- No mitochondria
- Nonmotile
- Intracellular parasites
- Nosema
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Characterstics of Amoebozoa
- Move by pseudopods
- Entamoeba
- Acanthamoeba
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Characterstics of Apicomplexa
- Nonmotile
- Intracellular parasites
- Complex life cycles
- Plasmodium
- Babesia
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyclospora
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Characterstics of Ciliates
- Move by cilia
- Complex cells
- Balantidium coli is the only human parasite
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Characterstics of Euglenozoa
Move by flagella
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Euglenoids are ___
Photoautotrophs
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Hemoflagellates - Trypanosoma spp. causes ___
- Sleeping sickness
- Chagas’ disease
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___ are parasitic animals that spend part or all of their lives in humans
Helminths
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Most Helminths belong to two phylum:
- Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- Nematoda (roundworms)
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Characteristics of Helminths
- Reduced digestive system
- Reduced nervous system
- Reduced locomotion
- Complex reproduction
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Life Cycle of Helminths - Monoecious (hermaphroditic)
Male and female reproductive systems in one animal
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Life Cycle of Helminths - Dioecious
- Separate male and female
- Egg -> larva(e) -> adult
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Helminths (Parasitic Worms)
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- Class: Trematodes (flukes)
- Class: Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Phylum: Nematoda (roundworms)
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Tapeworm’s Head is called ___
A scolex
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Tapeworm’s Body consists of
Progottids
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Characterstics of Nematodes
- Roundworms
- Complete Digestive systems
- Most Dioecious
- Two catagories
- Egg infective
- Larvae infective
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Arthropods as Vectors
- May transmit diseases (vectors)
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda (exoskeleton, jointed legs)
- Class: Insecta (6 legs)
- Lice, fleas, mosquitoes
- Class: Arachnida (8 legs)
- Mites and ticks
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Arthropods as Vectors
- Mechanical transmission
- Biological transmission
- Microbe multiplies in vector
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