Chapter 10

the substantial degraduation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation

the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs

the study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and the resulting systemic concentrations of drugs

the comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms

the relative amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs

water repelling; cannot associate with water

capable of associating with or absorbing water

the blood filtering process of the nephron

the time a drug will stay in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine

the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs

a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions

the transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gall bladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation

the process of metabolism and excretion

the time the drug concentration is above the MEC

a term sometimes used to refer to all the ADME processes together

when different molecules associate or attach to each other

the movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; requires cellular energy

the movement of drug from the dosage formulation to the blood

drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular functions

drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them

fat-like substance

the attachment of a drug molecule to a protein, effectively making the drug inactive

the cellular material which interacts with the drug

the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors

the location where an administered drug produces an effect

the blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response

the time MEC is reached and the response occurs

a drug's blood concentration range between its MEC and MTC

the upper limit of the therapeutic window

the substance resulting from the body's transformation of an administered drug

the functional unit of the kidney

drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form

pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients

drug products that contain the same active ingredient but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount, or dosate form