physio test 3 b sex pt. II, emotion & aggression.txt

When do primary and secondary sex characteristics occur?

Puberty is onset by the _________ in the brain, which releases GnRH

Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) produce what 2 hormones? Also, what do these hormones do?

This is a hormone that controls energy regulation and expenditure. Because of this, it helps signal and determine menarche

Most possible damage occurs during ___ trimester

what happens When previously partnered ewes are disguised in sunglasses and re-presented to a ram?

Female rodents seek out mates. They signal to potential partners by grinding on the dance floor. this is an example of:

If XY rodents are not exposed to androgen, they will do what?

(Dabs, 2000) Increased arrests, tattoos, AWOL military status, authority issues, and in general arousal is linked to...

Produced by the body and released outside the body. In animals it is effective enough to induce puberty, stop puberty, or induce a misacarriage.

Do humans have a VNO? Is there evidence of one?

A girl's sweat is smelled by a group of other girls. What might happen and what is the term for it?

What nervous system(s) are involved in erection and ejaculation?

part of brain responsible for sexual motivation:

controls the 4 F's

Within the hypothalamus: this is larger in males. responsible for sexual behavior.

within the hypothalamus: responsible for sexaul function during genital stroking

within the hypothalamus: this is thought to be responsilbe for sexual orientation

within the limbic system: this part is deactivated when viewing a loved one

within the limbic system: this connects the amygdala and the hypothalamus; thought responsible for gender identity

within the limbic system: responsible for the satisfaction of sex

within the limbic system: responsible for some emotional aspects of sex

within the limbic system: responsible for erection related brain activity

Neurotransmitters: 5-Ht: ___ sex function DA: ___ NE: ___ PEA: ___

damage to the frontal lobe and temporal lobe poles (damaged inhibition and recognition functions) would lead to what?

3 predictors of homosexuality:

Subjects who had deficits of the OFC (Orbito Frontal Cortex) do not score well on the ....

If my _________ and my basal ganglia were damaged, I wouldn't be able to recognize that look of disgust on your face when I start singing showtunes in class.

The _______ is involved in vocaliations, fear, anger, fighting, fleeing, and lust.. . all the characteristics of a story line on a good soap opera, right?

the PAG (periaquaductal gray matter) recieves input from the ___________ (particularly the amygdala) and this is likely why it is involved in anger and aggression.

Destruction of the ________ leads to disinhibition of behavior.

Impulsive aggression can be treated with SSRI's because there are many ______________ neurons in the PFC (prefrontal cortex) HINT use it as an adjective

A famous case study of a man with damage to his VPFC (Ventromedial prefrontal cortex)

Baby elephants with a lot of testosterone misbehaved and killed the local _____ for no real reason.

If I hear the words "happy," "sad," "grieving," and "excited," my right ventrolateral ______________ will show increased activity

Cow injected with testosterone become ________ in their herds

The origin of feelings and recognizing disgust is likely related to.....

The "would you push a fat man on the train tracks" scenario activated the ____________ in healthy participants.

___________ appears to convey fear to the observer.

of 0M, 1M, and 2M females, 2M females are the most likely to exhibit ...............

Our usual suspect hormone: __________, can increase aggression in animals and humans

____________ androgens influence the development of testosterone-sensitive neurons, then activational hormones kick in to trigger behavior.

Low _________ was found in really risky monkeys.

"putting our ______ into words helps us heal better" (Lieberman et al., 2007)

Lesions to the amygdala seem to impair someone's ability to recognize others' facial ________

Vital to analyzing social situations

Understanding the emotions in my tone of voice is processed by the PFC in the _____________ hemisphere

____________ girls were exposed to excess androgens in utero and tend to prefer to play with boys and boy-directed toys.

the more an amygdala is degenerated, the ________ likely someone will remember the emotionally-charged event.

I now am afraid to use the knife I cut my thumb with. This emotional experience definitely involves my __________.

Damage to the VPFC (ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex) affects the ability to consider ___________. This is a biological correlate of the personal fable adolecents experience.

If you see a(n) ___________ or fearful face, you will likely have increased bloodflow to the amygdala.

The PFC + the amygdala working together may give you that ________ feeling about an issue or situation.

May be related to taking natural or synthetic steroids-- no good can come from this

Putting feelings into words:: if you think about "angry face," the ______ activates; if you say "angry face!" the ______ is active instead.

the _________ (in each temporal lobe) reacts to things with biological significance; pain, hunger, thirst, sex, fear, & maybe pheromones??

The amygdala produces strong and memorable emotional reactions to things. If the amygdala is damaged then, this could happen:

animals would prefer to use ______ over aggression

Vocalizations or screaming that produce fight flight or freeze response are processed here: (defense of predation)

Issues of aggression may be treated with this neurotransmitter

If serotonin decreases aggression (it does), then explain how a monkey can turn into a risky monkey:

regulates and analyzes social situations

Fineaus Gage: received a rail spike in the ventral prefrontal cortex(specifically in the ____________); this part of the PFC controls behavioral inhibition

Damge to the _______ is linked with failed faux pas tests

The ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC+OFC) controls ____ functioning; (Phineas Gage)
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) controls ______ functioning. (fat man on the trolley tracks)

Elkind, 1967: "______" belief that one is invincible

In rodents: a removed VNO (vomeronasal organ) or just males doused in female rodent urine would have what outcome?

In rat litters: if a female has 2 male rat brother neighbors on each side, she is likely to be ________ after she is born [also true with rat twins]

Emotional communication is lateralized to __________________

observed eyes can show ____.

If the amygdala is damaged, a person might not observe the _______ for emotional cues

disgust: its evolutionary adaptation is..

When we are disgusted, these parts of the brain are primarily active: _______ (cognitive "thats gross") & _______ (movement "get away")