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supraorbital foramen
frontal: supraorbital nerve (V1); supraorbitral artery
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infraorbital foramen
maxilla: infraorbital nerve (V2); infraorbital artery
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mental foramen
mandible: mental nerve (V3)
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optic foramen (optic canal)
sphenoid: optic nerve (II), intrinsic optic arteries and veins
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foramen rotundum
sphenoid: maxillary nerve (V2)
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foramen ovale
sphenoid: mandibular nerve (V3)
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foramen magnum
occipital: spinal portion of accessory nerve (XI), vertebral arteries, spinal cord
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hypoglossal foramen
occipital: hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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jugular foramen
between temporal and occipital: jugular vein exiting skull, glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), cranial portion of accessory nerve (XI)
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internal auditory (acoustic) meatus
temporal: facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) entering petrous temporal
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superior orbital fissure
sphenoid: occulomotor nerve (VIII), trochlear nerve (IV), maxillary nerve (V2), abducens nerve (VI), ophthalmic arteries
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inferior orbital fissure
sphenoid: venous return for area served by facial artery
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stylomastoid foramen
temporal: facial nerve (VII) exiting temporal bone to outside of face
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carotid canal
temporal: carotid artery entering skull
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cribriform plate
ethmoid: olfactory nerve (I)
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lacrimal
lacrimal: lacrimal canal (tear duct)
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mandibular foramen
mandible: mandibular nerve (V3)
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