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Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion
- oscillating motion in which the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement from the midpoint and is always in the opposite direction to the displacement
- always a restoring force- pull or push object towards the midpoint
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Equations
- a = - (2 πf)2 s
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Displacement Graph
- cosine wave
- maximum value is the amplitude
- velocity is the gradient
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Velocity Graph
- acceleration is the gradient
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Mass-spring System
- adding extra masses- frequency is reduced (inertia increases)
- weaker springs/more joing together at ends- frequency is reduced
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
- PE- gravitational for pendulums, elastic for springs
- Towards midpoint: work done, PE transferred to KE
- Away from midpoint: KE transferred back to PE
- Midpoint: PE=0, KE is maximum
- Maximum displacement: KE=0, PE is maximum
- Total Energy=PE+KE
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