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What are the classification for blood pressures in adults? (numbers)
- Normal - <120systolic / <80 diastolic
- Pre HTN - 120-139/80-89
- Stage 1- 140-159/90-99
- Stage 2- >160systolic / >100 diastolic
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True or False? African Americans have a greater incidence of hypertension.
T
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Blood Pressure is the product of cardiac output times ________?
Peripheral vascular resistence.
CO X PVR= BP
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What is the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidneys?
GFR - glomeruler filtration rate
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A high BP from an identified cause is_____?
Secondary hypertension
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When a BP is severely elevated and there is evidence of actual or probable organ damage is called?
Hypertensive Emergency
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True or False?
Primary HTN is most common and has no known cause.
True. Unidentified or unknown etiology.
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This is when a BP is severly high but there is NO evidence of organ damage...____?
Hypertensive Urgency
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True or false?
Rebound hypertension is when blood pressure becomes uncontrolled when antihypertensives are abruptly stopped.
True.
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Prolonged elevated blood pressure causes damage to the vascular system and what organs?
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Hypertension can result from?
(pathophysiology)
- Increased cardiac output
- Increased peripheral vascular resistance
- Problems with the bodies control system
- or all of the above
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Does HTN usually have symptoms?
No
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Name three symptoms that are seen when a client has organ damage from HTN.
- MI or Hypertrophy (usually left ventricle)- angina
- Vision problems or retinal changes
- Renal damage -Increased BUN and Creatinine levels
- CVA or TIA
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Hypertensive clients are more at risk for cardiovascular problems, what are some other risk factors?
(in addition to HTN)
- Smoking
- obesity
- dyslipidemia
- diabetes
- sedentary lifestyle
- advanced age >55 in men >65 in women
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BP should vary no more than___mm/hg between arms.
5mm/hg
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People with diabetes or chronic renal disease should keep BP below what?
130/80
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What are the three actions medications produce to reduce BP?
- decrease peripheral resistance
- decrease blood volume
- decrease the strength and rate of myocarial contraction
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Name three lifestyle modifications that should lower BP.
- Physical activity
- Weight loss
- Decreased sodium diet
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True or False?
A beta blocker, diuretics or both are initally used for the treatment of HTN.
True
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Beta Blockers - block the _______nervous system and ________ heart rate and blood pressure.
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Hold Beta blocker medicine if heart rate is less than____?
60
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ACE inhibitors _____ peripheral resistance by inhibiting the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension __.
- decrease peripheral vascular resistance
- angiotension II
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Angiotension II is blocked at the receptor site by these medicines?
ARB's. Angiotension II Receptor Blockers
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This class of drug reduces BP by inhibiting calcium ion influx, reduces the cardiac afterload, and slows the velocity of conduction in the heart.
Calcium Channel Blocker
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A hypertensive emergency is classified as greater than___/___.
180/120
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The RN should attempt to reduce the BP in ahypertensive emergency by __% in the first hour of treatment?
25%
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In hypertensive emergencies the drug of choice for inital reduction is_____?
vasodialators. i.e. nitroprusside, cardine, corlopram and NTG.
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Clients in hypertenive urgency should have their BP decrease over a period of___-___hrs. By using_____.
- 24-48 hrs
- PO Fast acting Beta blockers, ACE inhib. and alpha 2 agonists
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Dash stands for?
dietary approaches to stop hypertension.
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Hypertension is based on ___ or more correct measurments over the normal limit.
2 or more.
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What is the force in the blood vessels that the left ventricle must pump against?
peripheral vascular resistance
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The diameter of the blood vessels are regulated by_____?
Vasomotor center in the medulla of the brain.
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Arteriole baro receptors are found in the _______, ______, and_____.
carodid sinus, aorta and the walls of the left venticle
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Clients who are on diuretics should eat foods high in _______?
Potassium
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