Intro to Statistics - Pagano

Researcher draws inferences regarding a hypothesis about a population.

the hypothesis that claims that the effect on the dependent variable is due to the independant variable.

Whatever effects there are on the dependent variable are NOT due to the independent variable but are due to chance.

If the NULL is FALSE the alterantive is TRUE

The level to which a researcher limits the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

(Type 1 Error)

A decision to REJECT the NULL when it is in fact true.

(results are due to chance, yet you still conclude they are due to the independent variable)

A decision to RETAIN the NULL when it is false.

(to conclude results are due to chance when they are in fact due to the independent variable)

Null has been rejected and the alternative has been retained.

• 1) Assume Null is true. 50/50
• Create grid:
• outcomes
• sum of outcomes
• greater than alpha?

• 2) for each P event use the equivelent Q event
• on table B locate the Q event at the percentage of 100-preal

• Add the outcomes percentages
• IF 2 TAIL double the answer

• 1) Increase N
• 2) as p-real deviates father from .50
• 3) as alpha increases
• 4) when we use a 1 tail test (not 2 tail)

the probability that the results of an experiment will allow the rejection of the null hypothesis if the independent variable is true.

an effect that produces significant change in the dependent variable

the probability of getting a plus with any participant in the sample of an experiment when the independent variable has no effect (ALWAYS .50)

The probability of getting a plus with any participant in the sample of an experiment when the independent variable has a reall effect.

• 1) Gives all the values that the statistic can take
• 2) Gives the probability of getting each value under the assumption that it resulted from chance alone.

Gives all the values that the mean can take and the probability of getting each value if the sampling is done at random from a population where the independent variable has no effect

Area under the curve that contains all the values of the statistic taht allow rejection of the null hypothesis

the value of the statistic that bounds the critical region

Reject the null hypothesis

Retain the Null hypothesis

1.645

1.96