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Hydrogen-Carbon
hydrocarbon
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(prefixes) 1 carbon
meth- or form-
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(prefixes) 2 carbon
Eth or Acet
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(prefixes) 3 Carbon
pro or glycer
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(prefixes) 4 carbons
butyl
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(prefixes) 5 carbons
pentyl
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Hydride/hydryl
- -H
- all organic molecules CH4
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Hydroxyl
- -OH
- Alcohols, diols
- suffix -ol CH3OH
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Carbonyl
- =O
- aldehydes terminal
- (suffix -al)
- Keytones and Aldenhydes
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Carboxyl
- -C=OOH
- Always terminal
- Acids
- Suffix -oic
- always acidic
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Amine
- -NH2
- 3 types
- -NH2 = primary
- -NH- =
- secondary
- -N- = tertiary
- Amino Acids, nitrogen bases
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Sulfhydryl
- q-SH
- q2 types
- -SH = primary
- -S- = secondary
- Amino acids
- Suffix - -thiol
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Phosphate
q-H2PO4 (-O-PO3=)
- qATP, PGAL,
- glucose-6-phosphate
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Functional Groups of Hydrogen
- Methyl - CH3
- Ethyl -CH2CH3
- Propyl -CH2CH2CH3
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Isomers
- same molecular
- formula
- different
- structural formula
- differing
- properties (emergent)
-
different Classes of Isomers
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3 kinds of Structural Isomers
- Chain or
- skeletal isomerism
- 2-methylpentane
- vs. 3-methylpentane
- Positional
- isomerism
- change in
- position of functional group
- Functional
- group isomerism
- change of
- functional group to another form
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Geometric sterioisomers
- qnon-rotation
- around double or triple bond
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Chiral isomers
- chiral C = carbon
- with 4 different functional groups
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Enantiomers
qenantiomers – non-superimposable
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