Micro Lab Exam 2

control the growth of microbes

chemical agents used on inaminate objects to lower the level of microbes on thier surfaces

chemicals used on living tissue to decrease the number of microbes

cause temporary inhibition of growth of microbes

means lethal

means inhibiting

Lysol, Greenworks, Pinesol, and 10% bleach were used, Lysol was found to be the most effective because the zone of inhibition around the lysol tab was the largest

microbes that inhibit growth of other microbes, means "against life"

a substance that inhibits microbial growth

antimicrobial chemicals absorbed or used internally

a disease causing organism

a Petri plate containing an Agar growth medium is inoculated uniformly with a microbe. Paper disks containing antimicrobial agents are placed on the Petri plate. During incubation, the antimicrobial agents diffuses from the disk. An effective agent will inhibit microbial growth

uses the disk infusion susceptibility test to determine the sensitivity or resistance of pathogenic bacteria to various antimicrobial compounds

determined by testing for bacterial growth in dilutions of the antibiotic in nutrient broth

• S.aureus- cephalothin
• E.coli- chloramphenicol
• P.aerunginosa- gentamicin

• inhibit enzyme activity (sulfonamides)
• cell wall synthesis (cephalosporins, beta lactams, glycopeptides,monobactams)
• protein synthesis (aminoglycosides, macrolides,tetracyclines)
• nucleic acid synthesis (quinolones)

microorganisms that are more or less permanent

microbes that are present for only a short time

• 1-hands rinsed with water
• 2-soap 15 sec
• 3- soap 30sec
• 4-soap 60sec
• 5- hand sanitizer
• Fifth spot should have no bacteria, while the first should have the most
• antimicrobial soaps should have better results than deoderant soaps
• pump soap should have better than bar soap

an enzyme that recognizes and cuts only one particular sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA and it cuts this sequence in the same way each time

are palinodromes (inverted repeats)

resulting fragments have fully base-paired

resulting fragments have unpaired single strands

Hind III

defense against a specific microorganism

all our defenses that protect us from invasion by any microorganism

proteins involved in innate immunity

an enzyme found in the body fluids that is capable of breaking down the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria and a few gram-negative bacteria.

group of proetins found in normal serum that are involved in enhancing phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria

Immunoassays- types of tests used to diagnose diseases by using known antibodies to detect the presence of an antigen or by detecting specific antibodies present in a patient

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

• žDirect test- enzyme-labeled
• antibodies are used to identify an antigen. A known antibody is absorbed into
• the wells of a microtiter plate. The unknown microorganism from the patient is
• added to the wells. If the antibody in the well is specific for the
• microorganism, the microbe will bind to the antibody. A second antibody
• specific for the antigen is added and it is linked to an enzyme. The reaction
• between the antigen and the antibody is made visible by the addition of the
• substrate for the enzyme.

• žIndirect test- used to
• detect a specific antibody in a patient's serum. The known antigen is attached
• to the wells of a microtiter plate. Dilutions of the suspected antibody are
• added and, after washing, enzyme-labeled anti-antibody is added. A color change after the
• substrate is added indicates the antibody was present.

• ›Ex. the
• ELISA test for HIV antibodies is indirect