Chapter10

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes

a collection of people distinguished, by others or themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationally characteristics

a group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in soceity

a group whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups

over generalizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of member of particular categories

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group

a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or aggression of others

a personality type characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking

the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own

actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group

the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation

behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property

the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups

a process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture

the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture

the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society

the spatial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion

according to conflict theorists, a practice that occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group

a term used to describe the division of the economy into two areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually dominant-group) workers in more secure jobs, and secondary sector or lower tier, composed of lower-paid (often subordinate group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions