Psychology

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Response

Conditioned Stimulus

Neutral stimulus

Conducted the Palvoc's dog experiment

• CS and UCS begin at the same time and end at the same time
• Ring the bell and present the food at the same time

• Present the CS and wait couple of seconds then present the UCS
• Ring the bell then wait couple of seconds then present the food

• Present the CS and end it, then wait a while, then present the UCS
• Ring the bell and end it, wait a while, then present the food

Short Delay conditioning is the best because it gets the persons attention when you present the CS and make the person pay attention when you present the UCS

• In order for a neutral stimulus to be effective, there must be 3 properties present
• Noble
• Unusual
• Intense

We tend to pay attention to things that are unexpected and different

Extinction

• Does'nt happen instantly
• Don't unlearn something all at once
• Present the CS without the UCS
• Ring the bell witout the food

The re-emergence of a conditioned behavior that has been previously extinguished

Dog will respond to other noises or bells of a similar pitch to the bell

The dog will discriminate between the sound of the cabinet and the time of day it occurs when feeding the dog

• After something has been very well learned, it can be used as a UCS
• (we aren't born to desire money
• Power and success (UCS) are associated with money (CS)

Yes, John Watson conducted an experiment on 'Little Albert"

• Little Albert liked to play with white lab rats but then Watson conducted an experiment
• When the rat came out,along with it was a very loud noise that scared "little Albert'
• He then became scared of the white rat
• His stimulus generalized and became scared of everything that was white and furry like Santa Clause and Rabbits

The use of consequences to modify the occurance or form of behavior

• A method used to train people or animals
• Pigeons were shaped into playing ping pong

Occurs when the response is no longer reinforced

Makes the behavior MORE likely to occur

Makes the behavior LESS likely to occur

• Add something to make the behavior more likely to occur
• You give you kids money when they get good grades so your kids will continue to get good grades

• You take something away to make the behavior more likely to occur
• You tell your kids that if they get good grades that they wouldnt have to do the dishes

• You add something to make the behavior less likely to occur
• Your kid doesnt study so you hit or yell at him

• You take something away to make the behavior less likely to occur
• Your kid doesnt study and always plays video games, so you take away the video games

Occurs everytime

Much more effective for a behavior to last longer

Reinforce the behavior X times it occurs

10 minutes after the behavior occurs

Escape and Avoidance

Remove yourself from the situation

• You avoid the situation
• You know there is going to be a fight at home so you dont go home, you avoid it

It has to happen when the behavior occurs and rely little on punishment

Short and long term memory

• Limited capacity (7 +/- 2 chunks)
• Information lasts 15-20 seconds without doing anything with the information
• Cannot be improved

• Huge amount of capacity (limit unknown)
• memory lasts a human life span

Repeating information and keeping it active in the short term memory

• Short and long term are both stored in the same place but are activated differently
• When the level of activation crosses a threshold, its in the short term memory, Quick and ready to access
• When the level of activation is below the threshold, then it is the long term memory, takes a little longer to retrieve

• Elaborate rehearsal
• Taking the information and elaborating it by
• Associating the information
• Building, working with i

A stimulus that allows us to retrieve information from the long term memory

is the match or similarity of the information thats in the retrieval and the information in the memory

• Failure to recall information
• Random information comes up instead

Matching between the retrieval cue and memory that drives retrieval

is the match between the information in the retrieval que and retrieval in the long term memory

Not very accuarte, we may believe that we are accurate but in reality, we are not

• Supplying our own detals about a memory event
• While hearing a story, you supplit the missing details based on your knowledge of events

• Retrieving the constructed information
• Used as Eye witness testimony

• Its was stored wrong
• Got over writted
• Faded away

we put alot of effort into something and what we received out of it wasnt worth the effort

• Terror "Elect my opponent and we will go to war"
• Avoidable consequences "dont do drugs, say no"
• View fairly likely to occur unless taking the necessary steps

• Sender -sending the information
• Recievor - receiving the information

• Only presenting one side of the argument
• This only works if the audience is ignorant about the information or if they agree with your argument

Only works if the audience is not convinced or if they know something about the information

• You leave the audience to make the decision themselves which is very hard to do
• Only works if the audience is neutral and not biased
• Your argument is strong and compelling
• and the audience must do work and be devoted in doing so

• Characteristics about a persons attitude that you want to change
• If the person making the argument is more like you, the more convincing the argument is going to be
• "Be like Mike"

• Based on context
• Focuses on the products messages in ads
• Much difficult to be effective and produce long lasting results

• Being persuaded in a manner that is not based on arguments or the massage of content
• Can be very effective but attitude doesnt last long

• People have attitude on something
• Range around what your attitude is
• Convinced to shift your attitude in the latitude

An answer to why something happens, why people act the way they are

Engaging in the action

Explaining the action

• only at certain circumstances
• event unusual or unexpected
• event has personal consequences for you
• People make attributions when asked too

Internal and external

• About something internal about a person like their personality
• People tend to make internal about peoples behaviors

• Locates the cause of the behavior of external
• People make externals about their own behavior

Biased

Something terrible happens to someone else you put yourself in that situation and say that it was her fault that she dressed that way. You would say that you wouldnt of dressed that way

basic pattern called fundamental attribution error

defending yourself of it not happening to you