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- Hannah Höch
- Cut with the KitchenKnife Dada Through the Last Weimar Beet Belly Culture Epoch of Germany1919
- photomontage
- meaning is meaningless - multiple interpretations
- challenge the idea of fine arts
- no narrative element
- criticizes status quo
- 1. New social roles of women in Weimar Republic
- 2. Growth of print medium - i.e. photos in magazines
- mixes photos of Lenin, Marx, and Dada artists
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- Piet Mondrian
- Composition withYellow, Red, and Blue
- 1930
- primary colors - purest colors with black/white
- abstract, 2D, flat
- about Balance - weight is even between left/right and top/bottom
- dynamic equillibrium = essence of universal beauty
- opposite reaction to WWI from Dada - wanted to make harmony out of mess
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- Rietveld, Schröder House (Interiorand Exterior), 1924-25, Utrecht
- de Stijl
- different size planes, rectangles/squares, colors
- reduction of colors/planes to hit universality
- natural light - large corner window
- cantillevered roof - juts out past structure
- house as a whole, all objects working together
- no need for more decor because the house itself is a work of art
- partition up space by sliding walls - multifunctional
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- Rietveld
- Red and Blue Chair
- 1917
- de Stijl
- functional de Stijl sculpture
- universality, mass produced
- skeletal frame discloses structure that makes it
- light weight - therefore moveable
- rejects idea of highly crafted/ornate
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- Gropius
- Workshop Wing Bauhaus
- 1925-26
- Dessau
- materials/structure not hidden
- appreciate industrial aesthetic
- windows let in fresh air and light
- 1. Emphasize volume over mass - large space made out of light glass/concrete
- 2. uses regularity but not symmetry
- 3. rejects extra decoration *Less is More.*
- effective organizational design
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- Breuer
- Armchair, Model B3
- 1927
- product design - functional objects
- design = simple, machine made, easy to move
- 1st tubular steel chair
- practical + beautiful
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- Moholy-Nagy
- Light-Space Modulator
- 1930
- kinetic sculpture (moving parts)
- designed and photographed
- created for performances
- multiple mediums to reflect light
- geometric complexity
- dynamic possibility
- green, yellow, blue light
- colors/shadows move and change
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Photomontage
- typle of collage
- pasting many parts of different photos into one; entirely FOUND details, especially magazines
- supposed to have illogical composition
- no way to read image in a literal manner
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De Stijl
- self-identified group
- Netherlands
- utopian ideals about world and art
- Theo van Doesburg + Piet Mondrian founded group
- time of balance: individual + universal
- total integration of art and life
- embrace geometric abstraction - avoid emotional content and narrative because art should be universal
- a scientifically based language of senses
- reduce artistic vocabulary
- Beauty can be
- 1. Sensual/subjective (individual based on emotion)
- 2. Higher, rational objective (universal, eternal, unchanging)
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Bauhaus
- universal "international style" rather than nationalistic
- common theme: attempt to use modernism for social reform
- school created by Walter Gropius in 1919
- workshops instead of studios; medieval guild concept - learn all fields
- Artist, craftsman, architect were all seen as equal!
- learn by doing, develop a basic skill set
- geometric style; reduction, symplification
- mass production
- functional aesthetic
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