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Module III - menstrual cycles

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  1. Premenstrual Syndrome
    • Complex of symptoms
    • Common disorder
    • Usually in women in 20's and 30's
  2. What is necessary for premenstrual syndrome to occur
    Ovarian function
  3. When does pms commonly occur
    Luteal phase
  4. Causes of PMS
    • Exact cause is unknown
    • Theories: Hormone imbalance
    • Withdrawal of endorphins
    • Prolactin excess
    • Prostaglandin excess
    • Nutritional deficiency
  5. S/S of PMS
    • Aggression & anger
    • Fatigue & lethargy
    • Anxiety & mood swings
    • Depression & low self esteem
    • Crying & panic attacks
    • Food cravings & binges
    • Backaches & joint pain
    • Fluid retention & edema
    • Breast pain & tenderness
    • Headache & dizziness
    • Accident prone
    • Social withdrawal
    • Acne
  6. Treatments for PMS
    • Avoid alcohol, nicotine, red meat, excessive sugar & salt
    • Vitamin & mineral supplements
    • Alter diet
    • Avoid food binges
    • Regular exercise
    • Stress management
    • Support groups
    • Keep a diary
    • Medications
  7. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
    • Marked irritability
    • Dysphoria
    • Anxiety
  8. What is dysphoria
    Exaggerated feelings of depression
  9. Perimenopause
    Transition from normal ovulatory cycles to cessation of menses
  10. Age group for perimenopause
    39-51
  11. Signs of perimenopause
    • Marked irregular menstrual cycles
    • Missed periods
    • Shorter, lighter periods
    • Heavier periods with clotting
  12. Average lenghth of perimenopause
    5 years
  13. Menopause
    • Ovarian atrophy causing anovulation-complete cessation of menses for 1 year
    • May be abrupt or gradual
  14. Average age for menopause
    Ages 45-52
  15. What happens to estrogen levels during menses
    Estrogen levels drop very low
  16. What can influence the age of menopause onset?
    Nutritional, cultural & genetic factors
  17. Psychological affects of menopause
    • Expectations change
    • Realizations of changes
    • Time to sort things out
    • A new life cycle
  18. S/S of menopause
    • Vasomotor instability
    • Flushing vs. flashing
    • Perspiration-Night sweats
    • Dizziness
    • Fatigue & excessive desire for sleep
    • Migraines
    • Chest & neck pains
    • Insomnia & depression
  19. Reproductive changes of menopause
    • Vaginal wall becomes thinner
    • Vaginal dryness
    • Pendulous breasts
    • Endometrium atophies
    • Ovaries & fallopian tubes atrophy
    • Loss of uterus & bladder muscle tone-distal portion of urethra shortens & shrinks
  20. Treatments for menopause
    Hormone replacement therapy
  21. How does hormone replacement therapy help
    • Reverse atrophic vaginal changes
    • Decrease occurrence of osteoporosis
    • Estrogen only replacement (ERT)
    • Reduction of medication is gradual off of HRT or ERT
  22. Alternative therapy for menopause
    • Dietary changes
    • Layered clothing
    • Smoking
    • Sexual intercourse
    • Soy
    • Black cohosh
    • Exercise
Author
plbernal
ID
113442
Card Set
Module III - menstrual cycles
Description
PMS, perimenopause, menopause
Updated
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