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the muscle that primarily responsibel for producing an action
prime mover, or agonist
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a muslce that aids the action of the primer mover is called the:
synergist
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a muscle that causes movement in opposition of the prime mover is the:
anatagonist
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the place of a muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the:
orgin
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the place of a muscle attachment to the bone at it moves is called:
insertion
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List the action and locationof the fontalis:
- elevate eyebrows
- location: superfical, anterior
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List the action and location of the orbicularis oculi:
- close the eyelid
- location: superficial, anterior
-
List the action of the orbicularis oris:
action: close and protrude lips
-
List the action of the buccinator:
action: compress cheek
-
List the orgin, insertion, and action of the temporalis:
- orgin: temporal bone
- insertion: coronoid process of mandible
- action: elevate mandible
-
List the orgin, insertion, and action of the masseter:
- orgin: zyogomatic arch
- insertion: angle of the ramus of mandible
- action: elevate mandible
-
List the location and action of the medial pterygoid:
- location: deep, posterior
- action:elevate mandible
-
list the location and action of teh lateral pterygoid:
- location: posterior, deep
- action: depress mandible
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list the action of the digastric:
action: depress mandible, elevate hyoid
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List the name of the hyoids in the suprahyoid group and list the action:
- Suprahyoid: stylohyoid, mylohyoid, diagstric
- action: elevate hyoid
-
list the names of the hyoids in the infrahyoid group and the action:
- Infrahyoid: omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid
- action: depress hyoid
- location: deep
-
List the orgin, insertion and action of the sternocleidomastiod:
- orgin: sternum and clavicle
- insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
- action: together-flex the neck, alone, rotate the head to the opposite side
-
List the action of the erector spine:
action: together- extend the spine, alone- laterally flex the spine
-
list the action of the external interocostals:
action: elevate and protract the ribs
-
List the action of the internal intercostals:
action: depresss and retract the ribs
-
list the action of the diaphram:
action: prime mover of the inspiration
-
list the action of the internal abdominal obliques:
action: compress the abdominal viscera
-
list the action of the internal abdominal obliques:
action: compress the abdominal viscera
-
list the action of the transverse abdominals:
action: compress the abdominal viscera
-
list the action of the rectus abdominis:
action: flex trunk, compress abdominal viscera
-
list the orgin, insertion, and action of the trapezius:
- orgin: occipital bone and spines of C7- T3 vertebrae
- insertion: clavicle; spine and acromion process of the scapula
- action: elevate, retract, and laterally rotate the scapula
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list the orgin , insertion , and action of the rhomboideus major:
- orgin: spines to T2-T5 vertebrae
- insertion: medial scapula
- action: retract scapula
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list the action and the location of the rhomboideus minor:
- action: retract scapula
- location: deep
-
list the action and the location of the levator scapulae:
- action: elevate the scpaula
- location: deep
-
list the action and the location of the serratus anterior:
- action: protract and laterally rotate the scapula
- location: deep
-
List the action and location of the pectoralis minor:
- action: protract and laterally rotate scapula
- location: deep
-
the minimum voltage necessary to generate an action potential in the muscle fiber and produce a contraction is called:
threshold
-
A quick cycle of contraction and relaxation is called:
a muscle twitch
-
The process of bringing more motor units into play is called:
motor unit recruitment
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Each new twitch "rides piggy back" on the previous one and generates higher tension is called ______ because it results from two stimulus arriving close together:
temporal summation
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a contraction without change in length is called:
isometric
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Name the fxn of the supraspinatus:
ABD the humerus
-
List the muscles that latterally rotate the humerus:
-
List the muscles that medially rotate the humerus:
subscapularis
-
List the origin, insertion and action of the deltoid:
- origin: clavicle; spine and acromino process of scapula
- insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
- action: ABD, flex, extend and rotate the humerus
-
List the muscles that extend the humerus:
- deltoid
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
-
List the muscles that ADD the humerus:
- latissimus dorsi
- pectoralis major
- coracobrachialis
-
List the muscles that flex the humerus:
- pectoralis major
- corachobrachilalis
-
List the origin, instertion, and the action of the coracobrachialis:
- origin: coracoid process of the scapula
- insertion: medial shaft of the humerus
- action: ADD and flex the humerus
-
List the muslces that make up the rotator cuff:
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- supscapularis
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the biceps brachii:
- origin: coracoid process of the scapula
- instertion: radial tuberosity
- action: flex and supinate the forearm
-
list the muscles that flex the forearm:
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
-
list the muscles that extend the forearm:
tricpes brachii
-
List the origin, instertion, and action of the triceps brachii:
- origin: posterior humerus
- instertion: olecranon process of the ulna
- action: extend the forearm
-
List the muslces that flex the wrist:
- flexor capir radialis
- plamaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
-
List the muscles that extend the wrist:
- extensor carpi radiallis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorium
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
-
List the muscles that ABD the thigh and leg:
- tensor fasciae latea
- gluteus maximus
- gluetus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
- gemellus superior
- gemellus inferior
- sartorius
-
list the muscles that laterally rotate the thigh:
- obturator internus
- quadratus femoris
-
List the muscles that flex the thigh:
iliopsoas
-
List the muscles that ADD the thigh:
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus maximus:
- origin: ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
- insertion: IT band and proximal femur
- action: ABD and extend thigh
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the gluteus medius:
- origin: ilium
- insertion: greater trochanter of femur
- action: ABD and medially rotate thigh
-
Name and list the group of muscles that extend the knee:
- Name: quadriceps
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
-
List the origin, instertion and action of the vastus lateralis:
- origin: greater trochanter of the femur
- insertion: tibial tuberosity
- action: extend knee
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the vastus medialis:
- origin: medial femur
- insertion: tibial tuberosity
- action: extend knee
-
Name and list the muscles that flex the knee and extend the thigh:
- Name: hamstrings
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the semitendinosus:
- origin: ischial tuberosity
- insertion: medial tibia
- action: flex knee and extend thigh
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the semimembranosus:
- origin: ischial tuberosity
- insertion: medila condyle of tibia
- action: flex knee and extend thigh
-
List the muscles that DF the footL
- tibal anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
-
List the muscles that PF the foot:
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- flexor digitorum longus
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the gastrocnemius:
- origin: femoral condyles
- instertion: calcaneus
- action: PF the food and flex the knee
-
List the origin, insertion, and action of the soleus:
- origin: fibular head and posterior tibia
- insertion: calcaneus
- action: PF the foot
-
outline the anatomical and physiological divisions of the central nervous system:
-
outline the anatomical and physiological divisions of the peripheral nervous system:
- Sensory (afferent) division
- a. somatic sensory division
- b. viceral sensory division
- Motor (efferant) division
- a. somatic motor divison
- b. autonomic nervous system
- 1. sympathetic
- 2. parasympathetic
-
_______ neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma and include _______ neurons going to the spinal cord.
-
_______ neurons hvae two process arising from the soma ( one axon and one dendrite) and inlcude ___________ neruons.
- bipolar
- special senses (olfactory, retinal cells, and inner ear cells)
-
______ neurons have many processes extending from the soma ( one axon and multiple dendrites), it is the most common neuron, and includes most neurons from the ______ and _____.
- multipolar
- brain and spinal cord
-
thick folds in the brain are called:
gyri
-
gyri are separated by shallow grooves called:
sulci
-
a very deep median groove, ____________ separates the right and left hemispheres.
longitudinal fissure
-
identify that following anatomical landmarks of the brain:
gyri
sulci
central sulcus
lateral sulcus
longitudinal fissure
transverse fissue
-
indentify the meninges of th brain:
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
-
identify the following structures of the forebrain:
cerebrum
cerebral cortex
fornix
corpus callosum
frontal lobe
precentral gyris(primary motor cortex)
parietal lobe
postcentral gyris ( primary somatosensory cortex)
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
-
identify the following structures of the dienchphalon:
thalamus
hypothalamus
mammillary body
infundibulum
pineal gland
pituitary gland
-
Identify the structures of the brainstem:
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
hindbrain
-
identify the structures of the midbrain:
corpora quadrigemina
superior colliculus
inferior colliculus
cerebral peduncles
-
identifiy the structures of the cerebellum:
arbor vitae
-
Identify the structures of the hindbrain:
pons
madulla oblongata
cerebellum
-
identify the ventricles of the brain and pathways for the CSF:
lateral ventricles ( right and left)
interventricular foramina
3rd ventricle
cerebral aquaduct
4th ventricle
subarachnoid space
central canal
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the olfactory nerve:
- number: i
- innervates: olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity
- type: sensory
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the optic nerve:
- number: ii
- innervates: retina
- type: sensory
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the oculomotor nerve:
- number: iii
- innervates: superior, inferior, and median rectus and inferior oblique muscles of the eye
- type: motor
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the trochlear nerve:
- number: iv
- innervates: superior oblique eye muscle
- type: motor
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the trigeminal:
- number: v
- innervates: face, nasal mucosa, and facial muscles
- type: both
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the abducens nerver:
- number: vi
- innervates: lateral oblique eye muscle
- type: motor
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the facial nerve:
- number: vii
- innervates: facial muscles and glands
- type: both
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the vestibulocochlear nerve:
- number: viii
- innervates: inner ear
- type: sensory
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the glossopharyngeal nerve:
- number: ix
- innervates: tongue, glands, outer ear
- type: both
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the vagus:
- number: x
- innervates: tongue, pharynx, larynx, and visceral organs
- type: both
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the accessory:
- number: xi
- innervates: head and neck
- type: motor
-
identify the number, what it innervates, and what nerve type of the hypoglossal nerve:
- number: xii
- innervates: tongue
- type: motor
-
List the major nerve that arise from the cervical plexus, and name the cord level from which it arises:
- major nerve: phrenic nerve
- cord level: (c1 - c5)
-
List the major nerve that arise from the brachial plexus, and name the cord level from which it arises
- major nerves: musculocutaneous nerve
- axiallary nerve
- raidal nerve
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve
- cord level: (c5-t1)
-
List the major nerve that arise from the lumbar plexus, and name the cord level from which it arises
- major nerve: femoral nerve
- cord level: L1-L4
-
List the major nerve that arise from the sacral plexus, and name the cord level from which it arises
- major nerve: sciatic nerve (common fibular nerve + tibial nerve)
- cord level: L4-s4
-
indentify the following structures related to the spinal cord:
gray matter
white matter
central canal
dorsal (posterior) root
dorsal (posterior) root ganglia
ventral (anterior) root
spinal nerve
dorsal (posterior) ramus
ventral (anterior) ramus
-
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the:
brain and cranial nerves
brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves
spinal cord and spinal nerves
brain and spinal cord
brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves
brain and spinal cord
-
Put the meninges of the brain and spinal cord in order from superficial to deep:
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
-
To get from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle, CSF must flow through the:
interventricular foramina
choroid plexus
central canal
cerebral aqueduct
subarachnoid space
cerebral aqueduct
-
Which cranial nerve (number and name) innervates the inner ear?
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
CN XI: accessory
CN VII: facial
CN X: vagus
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear
VIII: vestibulocochlear
-
Which of the following cranial nerves relays only sensory information?
vagus nerve
trigeminal nerve
hypoglossal nerve
trochlear nerve
olfactory nerve
olfactory nerve
-
The musculocutaneous nerve is part of which spinal nerve plexus?
brachial
cervical
sacral
lumbar
coccygeal
brachial
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