Sol. BD fluids & electrolytes pt. 4.txt

Meta. acidosis inhibits trans. system as Na and H ions enter cells at the expense of?

this stimulates cellular retention of K

Caused by diuretics, steroid therapy, renal tubular disease, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, trauma. Symps. muscle weakness, paralysis, ECG abnormalities, supraventricular, arrhythmias, circulatory failure, cardiac arrest.

Hypokalemia treat, involves replacement of K often w/ Cl. Admin of IV K must be cautious because?

caused by chronic renal disease, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, ACE inhibitors, cyclosporine, K sparing diuretics. Sympts. ECG changes, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest.

Hyperkalemia treatment involves the restriction of

Norm serum Ca is

Ca is maintained by humral factors such as?

is an important mediator of neuromuscular function and cellular enzyme processes. most of it is in the bones

Ca is carried in the blood three ways;

percent Ca2+ is nonionized and bound to plasma albumin

percent Ca2+ in anion complex

percent Ca2+ is ionized

is physiologically active in processes such as enzyme activity, blood clotting, neuromuscular irritability, and bone calcification

Acidemia does what to Ca2+ in serum?

Alkalemia does what to Ca2+ in serum

caused by hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, renal failure, and trauma. Sympts. fatigue, depression, muscle weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation

causes hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, metastatic bone cancer, sarcoidosis. Sympts. fatugue, depression, muscle weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and constipation

If serum Ca2+ rises above 17mg/L (8.3mEq/l) what may occur

norm serum Mg2+

fatty acids and excess phosphates impair

what percentage of Mg2+ is ionized or bound to other ions?

What percentage of Mg2+ is bound to proteins?

this is important for muscle function, neural conduction, particulary in the cardiac conduction system.

causes inadequate intake/impaired absorbtion of Mg2+, pancreatitus, alcoholism. Sympts. muscle weakness, irritability, tetany, ECG changes, arrhythmias, delirium, and convulsions.

causes dehydration, renal insufficiency, tissue trauma, lupus erythematosus. Sympts. ECG changes, hyperkalemia,cardiac arrest, respiratory muscle paralysis, and diaphragmatic weakness

Norm Phosphate serum level

what percentage of the body HPO42- is contained in bone and teeth

what percentage of phosphate is combined with proteins, carbs, and lipids in muscle tissue and blood, and the rest is incorporated into complex organic compounds.

is the main anion in the cells.

plays a primary role in the metabolism of cellular energy, being the source from which ATP is sythesized

Phosphate is the main urinary buffer for titratable acid excretion in/

Causes starvation, malabsorption, hyperparathyoidism, hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Sympts. diaphragmatic weakness

cases are endocrine disorders, acromegaly, chronic renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, tisse trauma. Sympts are minimal

Normal HCO3 level in arterila blood.

is the primary means for transporting CO2 from the tissues to the lungs.

In acid base disorders, ____ regulate HCO3- levels to maintain near normal pH

In normal persons more than 80% of blood HCO3- is reabsorbed in _______ of the kidneys

In respiratory acidosis kidneys.....

In repiratory alkalosis kidneys......