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are negative charged ions that will migrate to a positive electrode callen an anode.
Anions(-)
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What are the two ways to quantify the amount of solute in a solution:
By actual weight or by chemical combining power.
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Are the amounts of substances that have equal chemical combining power.
Equivalent weights
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What are the two values or equivalent weights that are used to cal chemical power?
Gram and milligram equivalent.
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gEq and mEq
gram equivalent and milligram equivalent.
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formula for gEq
= atomic weight/ valence
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How do you calc. gEq for an acid.
divide the atomic weight by the nuber of hydrogen atoms that are replaceable in its formula.
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The relationship of the solute to the solvent is expressed as a proportion. These are used often in describing concentrations os drugs or pharmaceuticals.
Ratio solution
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this is used for solids dissolved in liquids.Not a true percent solution
weight per volume W/V
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this solution is the weight of solute per weight of solution. It is a true percent solution
percent solution
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are compounds that increase the hydrogen ion concentraion when placed in an aqueous solution.
Acid
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An acid is any compound that is a proton donor. This includes substances other than traditional acids such as the ammonium ion.
Bronsted-Lowry's deinition
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is a compound that gives up a hydroxyl ion when placed into an aqueous solution.
Base
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Are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide links. react mildly in the body like alkaline.
Proteins
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Call and blood proteins acting a bases are transcribed as
port-
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effect is produced by imidazole group of the amino acid histidine ( cyclic crystalline base)
Hemoglobin Buffering Group
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The O2 carrying component of hemoblobin is attached to a histidine residue. What is it called?
Heme
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The ability of hemoglobin to accept H+ ions depends on the?
Oxygenation state of the molecule.
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Which is a stronger base: Deoxigenated (reduced) or oxygenated hemoglobin
deoxigenated
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These also act as buffers, but with less buffering power than hemoglobin, which contains more histidine.
Plasma Proteins
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Pure water can be used as a reference point for determining:
Acidity or alkalinity
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The concentration of both H+ and OH- is pure water is:
10^7 mmol/L
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Any solution that has a greater H+ concentration or lower OH- concentration than water acts as:
Acid
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Any solution that has a lower H+ concentration or a greater OH- concentration than water is
Alkaline
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Acidity or alkalinity is determined by variations of the [H+] above or below
1x10^-7
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what are the two ways to record pH of a substance:
[H+] in nanomoles per liter or logarithmic pH scale
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How many nanomoles per liter of water is there when its neutral/
100
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If a solution has more nanomoles than water it is?
acidic
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If a solution has less nanomoles than water it is?
alkaline
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Normal physiological range of [H+] in healthy people is.
30-50nnmol/L
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pH higher than 7
Alkaline
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A pH change of 0.3 units equal a ____fold change in [H+].
twofold
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a pH change of 1 unit equals a __fold change in [H+].
tenfold
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Water withing the cells makes up how much of the total body water?
2/3
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Water outside the cells makes up how much of the water in the total body water/
1/3
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Extracellular water is found in three places:
Intravascular, Interstitial, and transcellular
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Intravascular water makes up what percentage of body weight?
5%
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Interstitial water makes up what percentage of the body weight.
15%
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Predominant extracellular electolytes:
Na, Cl, HCO3
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Main intracellular electolytes are
K, Mg, Phosphate, SO3, protein
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