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Water makes up to as much as _____ of your weight.
80%
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The easiest way to track water gain and loss is to ______.
weigh the patient.
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What are the three ways that substances or particles combine in our body with water.
Colloids, Suspensions, and solutions.
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Dispersions or gels, consist of large molecules that attreact and hold water. they remain uniformly distributed throughout the dispersion and usually do not settle.
Colloids
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Example of colloid.
protoplasm w/in a cell
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Comprise large particles that float in a liquid. mixing of them depends on agitation
Suspensions
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Example of suspension.
RBC in blood
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is a stable mixture of two substances. The substance that dissolves is called the solute and the medium in which it dissolves is called the solvent.
Solution.
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Substance being dissolved.
- Solute
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- Medium used to dissolve.
- Solvent
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refers to the ease in which a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Solubility
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The four factors that influence solubility.
Nature of solvent, nature of solute, temperature, and pressure.
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The ease with which substances go into a solution in a given solvent varies widely due to its physical characteristics of matter.
Nature of a solute
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Factor that influences solubility based on the idea that solvents vary widely in their ability to dissolve substances.
Nature of the solvent
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Solubility of most solids increases with temp., but varies inversely w/ ______.
gases
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Solubility of gases in liquids varies directly w/ _______.
pressure
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Is when the amount of solute is small in proportion to its solvent.
Dilute solution
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has the max. amount of solute that can be held be a solvent, at a given temp.
Saturated solution
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If there is excess solute in a solution or the temp cools, what will happen?
a precipitate will form.
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The rate that precipitate forms i the same as the particles ________
go into the solution.
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A solution that contains more solute than a sturated solution, at the same temp and pressure is said to be.
Supersaturated
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Most of the solutions of physiological imprtance in the body are _____
dilute
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Solutes in dilute solution demonstrate many of the properties of gases due to?
The large spaces between molecules.
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The most important physiological characteristic of solutions is their?
ability to exert pressure.
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is the force produced by the mobility of solvent particles under certain conditions.
Osmotic pressure
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Osmotic pressure can be a ________ or _______.
driving force or an attractive force.
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Membrane that permits passage of solvent molecules, but not solute.
Semipermeable
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The number of molecules passing in one directionn must _____ the number of solvent molecules passing in the opposite direction.
Equal.
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Pure solvent is placed on one side of the membrane and a solution on the other. The solvent molecules will move ________ due to the osmotic prssure trying to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane.
Into the solution
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If a stronger solution (50%) is placed across a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution (30%) the attractive osmotic forces will__________.
pull the solvent until both solutions have the same concentration.
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Osmotic pressure depends on ?
the number of particles in a solution.
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Whe effect would increasing the temperature have on osmotic pressure?
It would also increase.
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For every 1C increase, osmotic pressure goes up by?
1/273
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is the degree of osmotic pressure exerted by a solution.
Tonicity
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are sol. that have osmotic pressures equal to the average intracellular pressure in the body.
Isotonic.
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Sol. that has higher osmotic pressure or more tonicity. This will draw water out of cells.
heypertonic
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sol. that has lower osmotic pressure or less tonicity. This will cause water to be absorbed from the sol. into the cells.
Hypotonic
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There are three basic types of physiological solutions that coexist in the body:
Ionic, Polar Covalent, Nonpolar Covalent
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Some of the solute ionizes into separate particles know as ions. this makes it an electrolyte
Ionc solution ( electrovalent)
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Some solutes create ions and it is also an electolyte.
Polar Covalent solution
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no ionization of solute takes place, they carry no electrical charge and are called nonelectrolytes.
Non-polar covalent solutions.
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Are positive charged ions that migrate to a negative electrode called a cathode
cations(+)
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