lab values

60-99

100-125

• >6.5%
• diabetic goal: <7%
• normal goal: <6%

• optimal: <100
• near optimal: 100-129
• borderline high: 130-159
• high: 160-189
• very high: >190

• optimal: <200
• borderline high: 200-239
• high: >240

• low <40
• high >60

• normal: <150
• borderline high: 150-199
• high: 200-499
• very high: >500

• underweight: <18.5
• normal: 18.5-24.9
• overweight: 25-29.9
• obese I: 30-34.9
• obese II: 35-39.9
• extreme obese III: >40

• 135-147 mEq/L
• sxs hyper: AMS, decreased urine output, lethargy, seizures, thirst

sxs hypo: AMS, seizures, disorientation, muscle cramps

Trileptal and tegretol decrease Na

indicates fluid balance

3.5-5mEq/L

sxs hyper: cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension

sxs of hypo: cardiac arrhythmia, muscle weakness/cramp, fatigue

ACEI/ARB increase K, diuretics decrease K

1.5-2.3 mEq/L

sxs hyper: cardiac arrhythmias, sedation, lethargy, muscle weakness

sxs hypo: cardiac arrhythmias, tetany, muscle irritability, N/V

renally excreted

8.6-10.2 mg/dL

sxs hyper: weakness, anorexia, constipation, N/V

sxs hypo: muscle cramps, tingling fingers, tetany, seizures

important in neuromuscular fxn, bone formation, need to correct for low albumin

BUN: 8-18 mg/dL

SCr: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

75-125 mL/min

• Stage I: kidney dmg w/ normal gfr
• ClCr >90

• Stage II: dmg with mild reduction in GFR
• ClCr 60-80

• Stage III: dmg with moderate reduction in GFR
• ClCr 30-59

• Stage IV: dmg with severe reduction in GFR
• ClCr 15-29

• Stave V: Kidney Failure
• ClCr <15

• AST: 0-40 IU/L
• Found primarily in heart/liver, increased in MI and acute hepatic necrosis

• ALT: 0-40 IU/L
• Found primarily in liver, more sensitive to hepatic dmg than AST

30-120 IU/L

Increased in hepatitis, liver diease, pancreatitis, bone disorders

• Use 2ndary GGT test
• high AlkPhos+GGT = liver disease
• high AlkPhos + Normal GGT = bone disorder

4-6 g/dL

decreased: overhydration, malnutrition, cancer, severe burns, pregnancy, cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure

hypoalbuminemia: leads to edema and ascites

amylase: 30-100 IU/L

Lipase: 0-160 IU/dL

high in pancreatic injury, acute pacreatitis, obstruction of pancreatic duct by gallstone/tumor

TSH: 0.3-5 uIU/L

• T4 5-12 ug/dL
• Free T4 0.8-2.2 ng/dL

T3: 75-200 ng/dL

M: 4.3-5.9 x 10^6/mm^3

F: 3.5-5 x 10^6/mm^3

use Hgb and Hct to monitor qualitative changes in RBCs

• Hgb:
• M: 14-18 g/dL
• F: 12-16 g/dL

• Hct:
• M: 40-50%
• F: 34-47%

increased in dehydration

75-100 fL/cell

describes cell size (MCV = Hct/RBC)

• if H/H are low:
• MCV low: microcytic anemia, iron deficiency
• MCV high: macrocytic anemia, folic acid deficiency

150-400 x 10^3/mm^3

• high: thrombosis/clot formation
• low: excessive bleeding (can be drug induced, heparin, bactrim, ASA)

targeted by Plavix (anticoag)

3.5-10 x 10^3/mm^3

high: leukocytosis from infxn, sepsis, leukemia

low Leukopenia, drug induced or disease, at risk for infxn

"left shift": increase in bands (immature WBC to fight off an infxn)

Neutropenia: <2000

ANC <1000 at risk for infxn

Agranulocytosis: <500 (high risk of infxn)

10-20 mcg/mL

• If low albumin, adjust levels
• adjusted PHT = PHT/(0.2*alb + 0.1)

toxicity: slurred speech, ataxia, confusion, nausea, nystagmus

10-20mcg/mL

toxicity: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus