-
General infor for STD's
- There is no immunity
- Self treatment is dangerous and usually ineffective
- Be responsible for insuring that all sexual partners receive exam
- Social stigma-client may feel guilty/marital problems
- Abstinence is the only proven method of preventing the spread of STD's
-
Candida Vaginitis
- Yeast infection
- Common after taking antibiotics
-
S/S of candida vaginitis
- Vaginal itching
- Burning
- Rash
-
Contributing factors of candida vaginitis
- Vaginal douches
- Bubble baths
- Perfumes
- Increased perspiration
-
Syphilis, organism & transmission mode
- Third most reportable STD in US
- Bacterial, can be cured
- Dies quickly out of body
- Organism-Spirochete (Treponema pallidum)
- Transmission-enters the bloodstream and infects the whole body
-
Days of incubation for syphilis
10-90 days
-
Complications that can cause a false positive reaction of Syphilis
- Lupus Erythematosus (LE)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Infectious mono
-
Name of test for syphilis
RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
-
Stages of syphilis
- Primary
- Secondary
- Latent
- Tertiary
-
Preferred method of treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
-
MHA-TP (Microhemmagglutination Assay-Treponema pallidum
- Most specific and sensitive test for latent stage of syphilis
- Remains positive after appropriate treatment
- Performed on spinal fluid and confirms onset of neurosyphilis
- Rash develops on palms and soles of feet, which are also contagious
-
Symptoms of the primary stage of syphilis
- Chancre sore at the site of initial contact
- Disappears in about 2-8 weeks but spreads throughout the body if not treated
- Painless papule
- Shallow, non-tender endurated module
-
Symptoms of secondary stage of syphilis
- Develops from 6 wks to 6 months after primary
- Experience malaise, low-grade fever, headache, muscular aches, "flu" like symptoms
-
Latent stage of syphilis
- Can last years
- Skin lesions disappear
- No clinical manifestations
- Still contagious
-
How long can a latent stage of syphilis last?
Up to 20 years
-
Tertiary stage of syphilis
- May proceed immediately or after delay of 10-30 years
- Usually not infectious during this stage
-
Late complications of tertiary stage of syphilis
- Insanity
- Blindness
- Deafness
- Heart Disease
- Ulcerous Tumors (gummas)
- Destructive leasions of bones
- Seizures
- Coma
- Death
-
Nursing actions for patients with syphilis
- Universal precautions (gloves, hand washing)
- Skin lesions of primary and secondary may be highly infective
- Test for additional STI's
- Recommend notification/tx of all partners
- Large condylomas may need to be removed
-
Gonorrhea
- Also called the clap
- 2nd most reportable STD in the US
- Bacterial infection
- Usually found with Chlamydia
- Primarily an infection of the genital or rectal mucosa commonly resulting in cervicitis and urethritis
-
Transmission of Gonorrhea
- Sexual intercourse or infected birth canal
- Unable to contract through inanimate objects
-
Organism of Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea
-
S/S of Gonorrhea
- Men: Dysuria, penile discharge
- Women: Change in vaginal discharge, urinary frequency, dysuria and later PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
-
When do symptoms develops for Gonorrhea & Clamydia
3-5 days after intercourse with infected person
-
Diagnostic tests for Gonorrhea & Chlamydia
- Males: Smears taken with a sterile smooth loop then usually a Gram stain is performed
- Females: Tissue cultures are collected from either the vaginal or cervical exudate
-
-
Treatments for Chlamydia
- Doxycycline
- Tetracycline
- Azithromycin
-
Systemic infections that can occur from Gonorrhea
- Tonsillitis
- Pharyngitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Rectal inflammation with bloody mucous discharge
-
Chlamydia
Most preventable STD in the US
-
Organism of Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
Chlamydia is transmitted through
sexual intercourse & bodily fluids including tears
-
Incubation time of Chlamydia
1-3 weeks
-
Newborn complications of Chlamydia
- Ophthalamia neonatorum
- Pneumonia
- Otitis media
- URI
-
Female complications of Chlamydia
- PID
- Tubal scarring
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
-
Genital Herpes
- Viral infection - can't be cured
- Can become latent
- Produces persistent infections
- Multiple PAINFUL lesions
-
Organism for Herpes
Herpes Simplex 1 and 2
-
Incubation time for herpes
2-20 days
-
HSV-1 virus
- Oral cavity
- Cold sores
- Fever blisters
- Skin lesions above the waist
-
HSV-2 virus
- Genital area
- Herpes labialis
- Neonatal
- Skin lesions below the waist
-
Symptoms of active herpes virus
Tingling sensation 1-2 days before the vesicle develops
-
Course of herpes virus
- Lesions resolve within 2-6 weeks
- Virus remains dormant in the nerve ganglia
-
Treatments for herpes
- Keep lesions dry and clean
- Acyclovir (Zovirax): antiviral drug to accelerate healing
- More effective when taken orally
- Safe to take during pregnancy
-
Complications of herpes
- Risk for deveolping cervical cancer
- Neonatal transmission
- Increased risk of HIV
-
Care of patient with herpes virus
Contact isolation if lesions are present
-
HPV
How many types, how many w/genital warts
How many oncogenic
How many can be carried at once
- Human Papilloma Virus - primary cause of cervical cancer
- Over 30 types
- 5 types
- 8 types
- Can carry several types at once
-
How is HPV detected
PAP smear
-
Symptoms of HPV
- Small warty growths (Condylomas) on the vulva, labia, vaginal wall or rectum
- Itching, bleed easily, or pain dependent on location
-
Treatments for HPV
- Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
- Topical podophyllin
- Trichloracetic acid (TCA)
- Bichloroacetic acid (BCA)
- Laser surgery
- Currettage
- Shave excission
-
Which HPV treatement can't be used during pregnancy and why?
- Topical podophyllin
- Causes teratogenic effects
-
Prevention of HPV
- Abstinance
- Monogamous relationships
- Vaccine
-
Vaccine for HPV
Gardisil - 3 dose vaccine - Males & females can be vaccinated
-
Procedures to follow if + for HPV
- Females: PAP smears every 6 months
- Males: Growths removed to prevent re-infecting partners
|
|