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What is an osteophyte?
a bone spur
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What is osteoarthritis?
the progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints (articular cartilage).
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What is connective tissue disease (CTD)?
the major focus of rheumatology, the study of rheumatic disease.
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What is rheumatic disease?
any disease or condition involving the musculoskeletal system.
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What does arthritis mean?
inflammation of one or more joints
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Is osteoarthritis an autoimmune disease?
no
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What is synovitis
inflammation of the synovial fluid in the joint
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What is subluxation?
partial joint dislocation
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What is Crepitus?
a continuous grating sensation caused by irregular cartilage; may be felt or heard as the joint goes through range of motion.
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What is Heberden's nodes?
Nodes (knots) at the distal interphalanges joints of the hands.
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What is Bouchard's nodes?
Nodes (knots/ bumps) at the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands.
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What is Joint Effusion?
Excess joint fluid that is common when the knees are involved.
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What are two lab test done to help detect osteoarthritis?
Erythrocyte sedimenation rate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
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What types of nonsurgical management is taken to help with osteoarthritis pain?
analgesics, rest, positioning, thermal modalities, weight control, and integrative therapies.
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What's the primary drug of choice for chronic pain in osteoarthritis
- Acetominophen (Tylenol) even though it is not an anti-inflammatory medication.
- Note patient are at risk for liver damage if they take more than 4000mg daily, have alcoholism, or have liver disease.
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NSAIDs is not the drug class of choice if acetaminophen and topical agents do not relieve pain. True/ False
False
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What must be done prior to starting NSAID therapy?
Lab test: CBC and kidney and liver function test.
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What is the first NSAID choice?
Celebrex, unless the patient has hypertension, renal disease, and/ or cardiovascular disease.
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What are the different type of rest used to help treat osteoarthritis?
Local, Systemic, and Psychological
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What is local rest?
immobilizing a joint with a splint or brace. This is done if the joint becomes acutely inflamed.
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What is Systemic Rest?
immobilizing the entire body (for example, during a nap, getting at least 8-10hrs of sleep and possibly another hour during the day (nap)).
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What is Psychological Rest?
Rest/ releief that allows one from the daily stresses of life that can enhance pain.
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How should patients be taught to position themselves
in the joint functional position.
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How does heat help with pain?
Heat may help decrease the muscle tension around the tender joint and thereby decreases pain.
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What are the most widely used nonprescription supplements taken to decrease pain?
Glucosamine and Chondroitin
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What are two components used in total hip arthroplasty (THA)?
Acetabular and femoral component
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What type of prosthesis is most often usedn in THA?
non-cemented prosthesis
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What lab tests are done to test for anemia post THA?
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (H&H)
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If a patient gets a cemented prosthesis for a THA, can it cause the patients blood pressure to drop causing hypotension?
yes; the cement can dilate the blood vessels and cause hypotension?
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What is a CPM machine and what is it used for?
The CPM machine is the continuous passive motion machine which increases joint mobility and may prevent scar tissue.
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When getting a patient out of bed that had a THA or TKA, what side of the bed do you stand on?
The same side of the bed as the affected hip/ leg.
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Why are ice packs prescribed/ provided in PACU after a TKA?
To decrease swelling at the surgical site
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