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What consists of the CNS, and what is its primary job?
brain and spinal cord, interpret incoming information and issue instructions
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What consist of the PNS, and what do they do?
cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors; serve as communication lines as they carry impulses
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How does the brain form?
in fetal development, two anterior outpocketings extend from the forebrain and grow fast to form the cerebral hemispheres.
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What is the most superior portion of the brain?
cerebral hemispheres
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Gyri
elevated ridges of tissues
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sulci
seperate gyri by shallow grooves
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central sulcus
divides the frontal lobe from the partietal lobe
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lateral sulcus
seperates the temporal lobe from the partietal lobe
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parieto-occipital sulcus
on the medial surface of each hemisphere divides the occipital lobe
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postcentral gyrus
impulses traveling from the bodys sensory receptors are located here
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Precentral gyrus
where the primary motor area is located
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cerebral cortex
gray matter of the cerebrum
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cerebral white matter
composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to of from the cortex
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olfactory Bulbs and tracts
synapse point of cranial nerve I
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Optic Nerves
cranial nerve II
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optic chiasma
where the fibers of the optic nerves partially cross over
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midbrain
connecting the pons below with cerebrum above
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pons
"bridge" consists primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers
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Medulla oblongata
lowest brain stem region, composed primarily of fiber tracts
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decussation of pyramids
crossover point for the major motor tracts
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corpora quadrigemina
located on the posterior aspect of the midbrain, a brain stem structure
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corpus callosum
major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres, it arches above the structures of the diencephalon and roofs over the lateral ventricles.
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fornix
a bandlike fiber tract concerned with olfaction as well as limbic system functions
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septum pellucidum
seperates the lateral ventricles of the central hemisphere
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caudate nucleus
most important basal ganglia, it is arching and comma shaped
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lentiform nucleus
composed of the putamen and globus pallidus nuclei
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corona radiata
a spray of projection fibers coursing down from the precentral gyrus
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internal capsule
a broad band of fibrous material
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corpus stratum
sometimes what the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus are referred to
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thalamus
consists of two large lobes of gray matter that laterally enclose third ventricle of the brain
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intermediate mass
connects two thalamic lobes and bridges the ventricle
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interventricular foramen
tiny orifice connecting the third ventricle with the lateral ventricle on the same side
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hypothalamus
makes up the floor and the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle
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infundibulum
what the pituritary gland hangs from, a slender stalk
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pineal gland
in the epithalamus, a neuroendocrine structure
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cerebral aqueduct
a slender canal traveling through the midbrain, connecting the third and fourth ventricle in the hindbrain
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cerebellum
made of two lateral hemispheres each with three lobes
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arbor vitae
tree like braching of the cerebellar white matter
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meninges
connective tissue membranes
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dura mater
the outer most meninx and is leathery. it is double layered
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periosteal layer
inner layer of dura mater
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meningeal layer
outermost brain covering of the dura mater and continous with spinal cord
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arachnoid mater
the middle meninx, weblike,
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pia mater
highly vascular and delicate, clings tenaciously to the surface of the brain following its convolutions
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choroid plexus
small capillary knots hanging from the roof of the ventricles of the brain
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What does cerebrospinal fliud do?
forms a watery cushon that protects the delicate brain against blows to the head.
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interventricular foramina
what the CSF surculates through
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Optic
- Number: II
- Function: vision
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Vestibulocochlear
- Number: VIII
- Location: 2 branches; vestibular = assoc. with equilibrium cochlear = assoc. with hearing
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