Pre med terms 61-110

An organic compound that contains Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

a nucleic acid that living things use to store and release energy.

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

large molecular built by combining many monomers.

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers.

a chemical reaction in which water is released and a macromolecule is built.

A chemical reaction in which water is added and macromolecules are broken down.

any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two simple sugars.

a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction.

a polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by condensation reactions.

a molecule that is a constituent of the inner layer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.

A protein serving as a biological catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a condensation reaction.

A building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) light to magnify images of specimens.

One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

An instrument that focuses an electron beam through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope.

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains of Bacteria and Archaea.

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote.

jelly-like portion of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma.

The fluid boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.

The chromosone-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell.

a specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the sysnthesis of ribosomes.

sites of protein synthesis in all types of cells.

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells covered with ribosomes; place where proteins bound for the cell membrane are assembled.

site of lipid synthesis and detoxification in eukaryotic cells.

an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

A membrane enclosed sac of digestive enzymes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances, accomplished mainly by macrophanges, neutrophils, and dendritic.

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.

structure used by protists for movement; produces movement in a wavelike motion

short hairlike projection that produces movement

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane

A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.

Typically a transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that completely spans the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.

A protein appendage loosely bound to the surface of a membrane and not embedded in the lipid layer.

A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane.

The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated areas.

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

the solution with a greater solute concentration.

the solution with a lower solute concentration.

the same solute concentration as another solution.