hip

sacrum

coccyx

• 2 hip bones
• ilium, ischium, pubis

r/l sacroiliac joints-posterolaterally

symphysis pubis-anteriorly

lumbosacral joint-superiorly

• femur
• patella

tibia

fibula

• 7 tarsal bones
• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• cuboid
• 3 cuneiforms
• 5 metatarsals
• 14 phalanges

most proximal of lower extremity joints

important in weight-bearing

• ball and socket joint
• convex-femoral head
• convex-acetabulum

very stable

less range of motion than shoulder

• extension- 120-0
• hyperextension- 0-15
• abduction: 0-45
• adduction: 0-25
• lateral rotation: 0-45
• medial rotation: 0-45

hip bones+sacrum+coccyx

• 2 hip bones connected
• anteriorly to each other

posteriorly to the sacrum

sacrum connected to the coccyx

• strong and thick
• covers hip cylindrically

attaches proximally-around lip of acetabulum

distally-neck of femur

forms a cylindrical sleeve

encloses the joint and most of the femoral neck

• all attach along rim of acetabulum to femoral neck
• ****iliofemoral-Y ligament/ligament of bigalow. limits hyperextension

• ischiofemoral
• pubofemoral

cross hip joint in a spiral fashion

• results:
• limiting hyperextension (taut)
• allowing flexion (slack)
• enables standing upright w/o use of muscles

• 
• rest on Y ligament

w/o use of muscles

basis for standing posture is individuals with paraplegia

increases depth of acetabulum

fibrocartilaginous

located around the rim

surrounds the femoral head

assists in holding the head in the acetabulum

many similarities between shoulder and hip joints

• 1-joint muscles providing control
• movement at 1 joint

• 2 joint muscles-providing range of motion
• movement at 2 joints

can be grouped by location and function

• anterior-flexors
• posterior-extensors
• medial-adductors
• lateral-abductors

One-Joint

Anterior

*?*Iliopsoas*?* (Iliacus &Psoas Major)

• Medial
• Pectineus
• Adductor magnus, longus, brevis

Posterior

• Gluteus maximus
• Deep rotators (6)

Lateral

• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

Two-Joint Muscles

Anterior

• Rectus femoris
• Sartorius
• Gracilis

Posterior

• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Biceps femoris

• Lateral
• Tensor fascia latae

more about flexing trunk on femor as opposed to femor on trunk

2 muscles-iliacus and psoas major

blend together

hip flexion

flexion:

• rectus femoris
• iliopsoas

extension:

• gluteus maximus
• biceps femoris
• semitendinous
• semimembranosus

adduction

• adductor longus
• adductor brevus
• adductor magnus
• pectineus
• gracilis

abduction

• gluteus medius
• gluteus minimus

internal rotation

gluteus minimus

lateral rotation

• -deep rotators(piriformis)
• gemellus superior & inferior
• obturator inturnus & externus
• quadratus femoris
• gluteus maximus

• semimembranosus
• semitendinosus
• biceps femoris

Tensor fascia latae

long tendinous portion of the tensor fascia latae muscle

• attaches:
• anterior portion of the iliac crest
• runs superficially down lateral side of thigh
• ataches to tibia

insertion for fibers of:

• gluteus maximus
• tensor fascia latae

overuse injury causing lateral knee pain

commonly seen in runners and bicyclists

repeated friction of the band sliding over the lateral femoral epicondyle during knee motion

when you stand on one leg

distal segment (femur) becomes more stable than the proximal segment (os coxae)

origin moves toward insertion

without contracting-pelvis would drop on opposite side

weakness Trendelenberg gait

if weak right hip abductors, stand on right, left side drops

in reversal of muscle function, the right hip abductors contract to keep the pelvis steady when the left leg is lifted

when right hip abductors are weak, the left side of the pelvis drops

• femoral nerve
• ????

obturator nerve

• greater trochanter femur
• lateral epicondyle femur
• ASIS-anterior superior iliac sping
• patella
• crest of the tibia

• sitting
• walking
• stair climbing
• donning doffing shoes and socks
• donning and doffing pants and undergarments