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Mercantilism
- Economic philosophy of the 1600s that held that colonies existed to serve the mother country
- Founded on the belief that the world's wealth was sharply limited and therefore, one nation's gain was another nation's loss
- Goal: export more than import
- Mercantalists believed that economic activity should be regulated by the government
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Queen Elizabeth I
- First woman to hold the throne
- Invested in English raids on the Spanish New World
- Brought on a war response from Spain in the for of the Spanish Armada
- Established Protestantism in England and encouraged English business
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The Spanish Armada
- Fleet assembled by King Philip II of Spain to invade England
- The Armada was defeated by the skill of British military leaders and by rough seas during the assault
- Englands victory over Spanish forces established England as an emerging sea power; it was one of the great achievements of Queen Elizabeth I
- Defeat helped bring about the decline of the Spanish empire
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Types of Colonies in the New World
- Charter: colonists were essentially members of a corporation and based on an agreed-upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the gov
- Royal: had a governer selected by England's king; he would serve in the leadership role and choose additional, lesser officers
- Proprietary: were owned by an individual with direct responsibility to the king; the proprietor selected a governor , who served as the authority figure for the property
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English Puritanism
- Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology
- Puritans were calvanist in their religious beliefs; they believed in predestination and in the authority of Scripture over papal authority
- Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers; they sought to make the English church "pure"
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Dutch West India Company
- Carried on a profitable fur trade with the Native American Iroquois
- Instituted the patroon system, in which large estates were given to wealthy men who transported at least fifty families to New Netherland to tend the land; few took on the oppurtunity
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Jamestown
- Established: 1607
- James I granted charters for charter colonies in the New World
- In 1607, the Virginia Company of London settled Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement
- Despite location and hostile relations with Native Americans, John Smith's harsh, charismatic leadership of the colony kept it from collapsing
- in 1619, African slaves arrived at Jamestown, becoming the first group of slaves to reach a British settlement
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Indenture System
- Poor workers, convicted criminals, and debtors recieved immigration passage and fees in return for a number of years at labor on behalf of a planter or company
- Servents entered into their contracts voluntarily and kept some legal rights
- However, servents had little control over conditions of their work and living arrangements; system led to harsh and brutal treatment
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