Chapter Test 2

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What are the four functions of the Muscualr System?
- Movements
- Balance
- Protection
- Produced Heat
What are the major types of muscles?
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
What is the Skeletal Muscles Location, Control, contraction and characteristics?
- Attached to the bone
- voluntary
- shortening
- straited (striped)
What connects muscles to the bone?

Tendons
what are tough fibrous connective tissues that cover entire muscle groups?

Fascia
Which cover is immediately under the facsia?

Epimysium
What wraps group of muscle bundle?

Perimysium
Which wraps individual muscle fibers?

Endomysium
Movement is cause by shortening of what? What is this called?
- myofibrilis
- sliding theory
What are the two types of myofibrils?
- Actin: thin filament
- Myosin: thick filament
Two types of production of energy for muscles?
- Aerobic: Creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- Anaerobic: Creatine phosphate (CP)
Aerobic
Anaerobic
- Slow twitch: longduration: NO lactic acid
- Fast twitch: short bursts: YES lactic acid
What does lactic acid cause?

Muscle Fatigue
What is a muscle spasm?

Cramp or lack of electrolytes
What is it called when the muscle is attatched to a "fixed" bone?

Origin
What is it called when a muscle is attatched to a "moveable" bone?

Insertion
what is the main muscle that effects movement called?

Prime Mover
Which is the helper muscle that helps the Prime Mover?

Synergist
Which muscle works opposite of the Prime Mover?

Antagonist
Tough flat fibrous tissues connecting 2 muscles?

Aponerurosis
Tough fiber that connects bones?

Ligament
Any injury to the tendon & muscle?

Strains
Any injury to the ligament?

Sprain
Muscles are named according to what?
- Shape
- Action
- Muscle Fiber Direction
- Size
- Location
Bend at the joint?

Flexion
Straighten the joint?

Extention
Away from the mid-line?

Abduction
Rotation?

Twist at the Axis
Circumduction?

"Circular" motion
Adduction?

Towards the mid-line
Eversion?

Out wards movement
Inversion

In wards movement
Supination

Palm UP
Pronation?

Palm DOWN
Dorsiflextion?

Toes UP
Plantaflextion?

Toes DOWN
Motor unit is made up of?
- Nerve
- Nerve terminal
- Synapse
- Muscle fibers
Principle Neuro Transmitter?

Acetylcholine
Endo?

Within
What secretes into the blood and is trasported to specific TARGET organs/cells thereby affecting their functions?

Hormones
Which Glands are in the head?
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary Gland
TSH?

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Growth Hormone?

Stimulates all Cells
Leutenizing Hormone(LM)

Stimulates Ovaries & Testis
Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)?

Stimulates eggs & sperms production and growth
Prolactin

stimulates Milk formation
Oxytocin

Stimulates Uterine contraction/ejaculation
Vasopressin (ADH)-Anti-diuretic hormone

Stimulates kidenys to conserve H₂O
What Gland are in the Neck?
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
What Gland are in the Chest?

Thymus Gland (regulates T-cells)
What Gland are in the abdomen?
- Pancreas - Insulin - keeps blood sugar DOWN
- Glucagon - Release Sugar from liver - keeps blood sugar UP
Adrenal Glands?
- Cortisol(steroid)- affect ALL cells
- Aldosterone- regulates electrolytes
- Epinephrine(adrenalin) - neuro transmitter
What glands are in the Pelvic cavity?
- Ovaries - Estrogen
- Testis - Testoserone
Types og Howmones?
- Steroid - easily enters ALL cells
- Non-steroid - All hormones - needs receptors on cell membrane

Author

cvnadine89

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Chapter Test 2

Description

muscular system and nutrition

Updated

2011-10-28T18:10:02Z

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