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What is thermodynamics?
heat transfer
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All molecules of a substance move; when they move heat is produced due to what?
friction
- mechanical - friction
- chemical - metabolism
- electricity - friction/resistance
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What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
conservation of energy (capacity to do work)
energy cannot be created or destroyed
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What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
heat ALWAYS flows from hot objects to cold objects
hot pack to tissues
ankle inflammation to cold pack
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What are the 4 methods of heat transfer?
- conduction
- convection
- radiation
- conversion
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What is conduction?
transmitted between 2 objects in direct contact with each other
HP, CP, paraffin wax
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What is the movement of a mass, gas, or liquid (medium has 2 different temps of body tissue your treating)?
convection
whirlpool, fluidotherapy
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What is radiation?
from hot objects to area without a median getting heating
hot object to cold objects without touching and medium doesnt get heated
infrared
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Heat developed in tissue by passage through tissue of electrical current
(converting 1 type of energy into heat), is known as what?
conversion
- ultrasound (sound waves to heat)
- diathermy
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What is the quantity of heat that will raise the temp of 1gram of a substance by 1degree c?
specific heat
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What both at the same temp, materials at a high specific heat hold more what what materials at low specific heat?
more energy
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Tissues at what specific heat require more energy to achieve the same temp increase than tissues with a what specific heat?
higher, lower
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What is the specific heat and temp of paraffin wax?
.45; 122degrees
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What is the specific heat and highest temp used of water?
1; 104degrees
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What is thermal conductivity?
heat transfers from 1 place to another by a conductor
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Good thermal conductors have what type of heat value?
higher
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Poor thermal conductors are considered what?
insulators
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Tile is colder, this makes it a better what?
conductor
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Carpet is warmer, this makes it a better what?
insulator
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What are 4 ways heat can be loss?
- 1. radiation (heat radiates off object)
- 2. conduction(heat loss by direct contact)
- 3. convection (heat through a medium)
- 4. evaporation (sweat)
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What are 4 ways heat can be loss through the body?
- 1. through skin
- 2. respiration
- 3. urine
- 4. feces
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Amounts of heat loss has to do with various factors such as?
- humidity
- temperature
- air movement (increased air movement - greater loss of heat) fans
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What are some factors that heat is dependant on?
- 1. source of heat
- 2. type of heat
- 3. frequency of treatment
- 4. size of area
- 5. age of patient
- 6. duaration of treatment
- 7. temperature difference
- 8. amount of penetration
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A hot pack is what type of heat transfer?
conduction
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What type of heat transfer is paraffin wax?
conduction
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A cold pack is what type of heat transfer?
conduction
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Ultrasound is what type of heat transfer?
conversion
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What type of heat transfer is diathermy?
conversion
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Whirlpool is what 2 types of heat transfer?
convection, conduction
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Infrared is what 2 types of heat transfer?
radiation, conversion
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What type of heat transfer is fluidotherapy?
convection
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