resistence of the body to infection where host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by other source
Passive (Acquired) Immunity
resistence of body to infection where host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens
Active Immunity
infection that appears suddenly and lasts short amount of time
Acute infection
these are used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns (such as tuberculosis)
airborne precautions
immunoglobins part of the bodys plasma proteins which defend mostly against extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections
antibodies
a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies
antigen
agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms
antiseptics
freedom from infection or infectious material
asepsis
antigen that originates in a person's body
autoantigen
bacteria in the blood
bacteremia
the most common infection causing microorganisms
bacteria
microorganisms carried in blood n body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat viral infections like Hep B/C and HIV
bloodborne pathogen
generic infection control precautions for all clients except those w diseases transmitted thru air
Body substance isolation (BSI)
person or animal that harbors an infectious agent and serves as potential source of infection n doesn't manifest any clinical signs of disease
carrier
immunity occuring thru T cell system
cellular immunity
infection that occurs slowly over a very long period of time and may last month or years
chronic infection
free of potentially infectious agents
clean
presence of organism in body secretions or excretions where strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness
colonization
a disease that is spread from one person to another
communicable disease
any person at increased risk for infection
compromised host
lab cultivations of microorganisms in special growth medium
cultures
denoted the likely presence of microorganisms which may be capable of causing infection
dirty
an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities and shortening life span
disease
agebts that destroy pathogens other than spores
disinfectants
residue of evaporated droplets that remains in the air for long periods of time
droplet nuclei
methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns
droplet precautions
developing from within
endogenous
developing from outside sources
exogenous
material such as fluid n cells that have escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process n is deposited in tissue or on tissue services
exudate
infection causing microorganisms that include yeast and mold
Fungi
young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process
granulation tissue
antibody mediated defense resides in B lymphocytes n is mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
Humoral immunity
increased blood flow to an area
hyperemia
infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
Iatrogenic infections
specific resistance of body to infection; may be natural or produced by exposure
Immunity
the disease process produced by microorganisms
infection
local and nonspecific defense tissue response to injury or destruction of cells
inflammation
practice that prevents the spread of infection and communicable disease
Isolation
white blood cells
leukocytes
an increased number of white blood cells
leukocytosis
an infection that is limited to a specific part of the body where microorganisms stay
Local Infection
practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area limiting number, growth and spread
medical asepsis
bodily defenses that protect against all microorganisms regardless to previous exposure
Nonspecific defenses
infections contracted thru health care services in healthcare facility
Nosocomial Infections
skin, eye, mucous membrane or parenteral contact w blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employees duties
Occpational Exposure
microorganism causing disease only in a suseptible individual
Oppotunistic pathogen
microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment
parasite
a pathogens ability to produce disease
pathogenicity
renewal, regrowth or replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function
regeneration
a source of microorganisms
resorvoir
microorganisms that normally reside on the skin n mucous membranes and inside respiratory and GI tract
Resident Flora
the presence of pathogenic organismsor their toxins in the blood or body tissue
Sepsis
occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection
septicemia
immune functions directed against indentifiable bacteria, fungi, viruses or other infectious agents
Specific defenses
specified area considered free from microorganism
Sterile field
practiced that keep an area or object free of microorganism
Sterile technique/ surgical asepsis
a process that destroys all microorganisms including spores n viruses
sterilization
occurs when pathogens spread n damage different parts of body
Systemic infections
techniques to be used with all clients to prevent spread of germs
Universal precautions
animal or insect that serves as means of transportation of infectious agent
vector-borne transmission
any substance that serves as mean of transport n introduce infectious agent into a susceptable host thru suitable portal of entry
Vehicle-borne transmission
ability to produce disease
Virulence
nucleic acid-based infectious agents
Viruses
The following are resident microorganisms of what part of the body?
Staphylococcus epidermis, propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium xerosis, pityrosporum oxale (yeast)
Skin
The Following are resident microorganisms to what part of the body?
staphylococcus aureus & staphylococcus epidermis
Nasal passages
This resident microorganism is found where?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Oropharynx
The following resident microorganism are found where on the body?
streptococcus mutans, lactobacillis, bacteroides, actinomyces
Mouth
These resident microorganisms are found where in the body?
bactreroides, fusobacterium, eubacterium, lactobacillis, streptococcus, enterobacteriaceae, shigella, escheria coli
Intestine
this is normal microorganisms of what body part?
staphylococcus epidermis
urethral orifice
Proteus is a resident microorganism of what body part?
Lower Urethra
Lactobacillus, bacteroides, clostridium and candida albicans are normal microorganisms of what body part
Vagina
if a microorganism produces no clinical evidence of disease it is called
asymptomatic or subclinical
what are the four major categories of microorganisms that cause disease?
bacteria, viruses, fungi & parasites
Most common cause of nosocomial infection in the ____________ are:
e. coli, enterococcus species and pseudomonas aeruginosa
and are due to improper catherization technique, contamination of closed drainage system and inadequate hand cleansing
Urinary Tract
The most common microorganisms that cause nosocomial infection on ________________ are:
staphylococcus aerus (MRSA), enterococcus species (VRE) & pseudomonas aeuginosa
and are due to inadequate hand cleansing, improper technique
Surgical sites
The most common causes of nosocomial infections in the ________ are:
coagulase-negative, staphylococci, staphylococcus aerus & enterococcus species
And are due to inadequate hand cleansing & improper site care
Bloodstream
The most common cause of nosocomial infections resulting in ___________ are:
staphylococcus aereus, pseudomonas aeruginosa & enterobacter species
And are due to inadequate hand cleansing and improper technique