Sailing

The body of the boat

Single hulled boat

Boat with multiple hulls

Boat with two hulls

Boat with three hulls

The front of the hull. In most boats this is pointed

The back of the hull

The wide, flat, vertical surface of the stern

A short (less than 10') sailboat with a squared-off bow

A small pram for training young people

A small pram for training young people

The volume of water the boat occupies, equal to its weight

An imaginary line circumscribing the hull that matches the surface of the water when the hull is not moving

An underwater fin that pivots up and down and helps prevent the boat from slipping sideways through the water

An underwater fin that can be raised vertically and helps prevent the boat from slipping sideways through the water

A centerboard attached to the side of the boat

A fixed fin that provides ballast for stability as well as preventing the boat from slipping sideways through the water

A fin used to steer the boat

An arm used to control the rudder

An arm used to extend the tiller so the helmsman can reach more of the boat while retaining control of the rudder

A pin or bolt inserted into a gudgeon to hold the rudder in place

A circular fitting that accepts a pintle and holds the rudder to the boat

The hull

Provides ballast, stability, and prevents the boat from sliding through the water sideways

Dinghies

Centerboard

Daggerboard

The tiller

The helmsman

The rig

To harness the wind and convert its force into drive to push the boat forward

Standing rigging

Running rigging

Blocks and tackles

Port

Starboard

Stern

Transom

Tiller

Mainsail

Jib

Forestay

Mast

Shrouds

Boom

Rudder

Halyards

Mainsheet

Head

Leech

Tack

Luff

Foot

Clew

Roach

Outhaul

Leeward (pronounced lew-ard)

Windward

Astern

Ahead

Forestay, backstay

Clockwise from top: Head, tack, clew

Clockwise from front: luff, foot, leech

Flags, smoke, feel of wind on your face and hair, wind ripples on the water, boats swinging on moorings

Apparent wind

The combination of true wind and the wind generated by the forward motion of the boat.

Into the wind.

To raise or lower a sail.

A line to pull in or let out a sail.

Push

Figure-8 stopper knot

The distance a sailboat takes to come to a stop after turning into the no-go zone or letting out all the sails.

Push the tiller toward the dock, turn around, and try again.

Close hauled (beating), close reach, beam reach, broad reach, run

Starboard tack

• A sailboat
• Exceptions are: a large powered vessel in a small channel, a vessel under tow, or when a sailboat is under motorized power

• Skipper: "Ready to come about" or "Ready about"
• Crew: "Ready"
• Skipper: "Helms a lee" or "Go"

• Ensure the area in front of the boat is clear
• Ensure you have sufficient forward speed to make the turn
• Move the tiller 45 degrees (half way) toward the sail
• As the boom crosses thee boat, step across the boat facing forward
• Reach sheet hand (still holding the sheet) behind back and grab the tiller, trapping the main sheet on the tiller
• Turn body and take main sheet with empty hand
• Adjust heading, center tiller, and adjust sail for new tack.

• Balancing the boat
• Trimming the job by tending the jib sheets
• Maintain a lookout
• Notify the skipper if the jib is luffing
• Any Skipper requests

• Sudden, unexpected gust of wind
• Turning too quickly in heavy wind
• Poorly executed gybe
• Letting go of the tiller or main sheet
• Broken tiller or hiking strap

Stay with the boat

• For a catboat: Turn the sail and tiller in the direction you wish to sail. When the wind is coming across the beam, center the tiller and sheet the sail.
• For a sloop: Back the jib to the side of the boat opposite the direction you want to sail. When the boat comes off center, change the jib to the same side of the boat as the mainsail

• Skipper: "Prepare to jibe"
• Crew: "Ready"
• Skipper: "Jibe ho" or "Ok"

When the wind shifts or the stern of the boat unexpectedly passes through the eye of the wind causing the boom to swing violently to the other side of the boat.

Tack

The mainsheet is used to trim the mainsail

The rudder is used to steer the boat

It controls the turn of the rudder.

It's used to keep the boom from rising up under pressure and also pulls down on the foot of the sail to tighten up the mainsail in high winds.

The boom topping lift is used to support the boom when the sail is lowered.

Jib sheets are used to control the shape of the jib.

A halyard is a line used to raise and lower a sail.

A winch is a device that provides a mechanical advantage for pulling in a line under pressure.

A fairlead is a device used to guide a line (or lead) to keep it from getting tangled (keep it fair). A tangled lead is called "fouled". A fairlead keeps a lead fair.

A padeye is a device that can be used as an attachment point or a fairlead for very shallow angles. It is usually attached to a deck or a spar.

A downhaul is line which exerts downward force on a spar or a sail. The Cunningham is a downhaul on the mainsail.

The outhaul is used to pull the sail back to tighten it up in light winds.

The cunningham is a downhaul on the tack of the sail that changes the shape of the mainsail.

Shrouds are pieces of the standing rigging which hold up the mast from side to side.

A shackle is a u-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin across the opening. They are used for connecting pieces of rigging.

Telltails are cloth or fabric indicator affixed to a sail which indicate correct or incorrect air flow. They are used when trimming the sail.

A spring line is a mooring line used to keep the boat from moving forward or backwards when moored or to aid in swinging away from the dock when departing. A spring line that attaches to the bow is an aft spring line as it pulls the bow backwards. A spring line that attaches to the stern is a fore spring line as it pulls the stern forward.

A breast line is used to hold the boat close to the pier. It runs perpendicular to the dock.

Fenders are cushions to keep the boat from making contact with the dock.

Cleats are fixtures that are used to prevent a line from releasing.

Port is the left side of the boat facing the bow.

Starboard is the right side of the boat facing the bow.

The skipper is the captain of the boat; the person in charge of the vessel, its crew, and passengers.

Helmsman is the person steering the boat.

Crew is someone other than the skipper charged with the operation of the boat.

Toward the bow of the boat.

Toward the stern of the boat.

Coming about is a tacking maneuver when the bow of the boat makes a turn through the eye of the wind.

A gybe is a turning maneuver in which the stern of the boat passes through the eye of the wind.

Running rigging is the rigging used for raising, lowering, and controlling the sails.

Standing rigging is the term for the rigging lines or wires that support the mast(s) and keep it in place.

Heel means that the boat is leaning under the force of the wind.

Ahead means off the bow of the boat.

Abeam means toward the beam or side of the boat.

Astern means behind the boat.

Windward is the side of the boat the wind is approaching from.

Leeward is the side of the boat opposite the direction the wind is coming from.

Beam is width of the boat at its widest point.

Toward the stern.

At right angles to the centerline of a boat.

On or in a boat: close to a boat. aft, after Toward the stern.

With the hull or keel of a boat touching the bottom.

Overhead.

Between fore and aft; the middle of the boat.

A device shaped so as to grip the

It is secured to a line from the boat to hold it in the desired position.

Behind the stern of a boat.

Across the beam of a boat.

Immersed in water.

A wire support from the mast to the stern of the boat.

To remove water from the boat.

Weight placed in the bottom of the boat to give it stability.

With all sails down.

Thin wooden or plastic strips placed in pockets in the leech of a sail to help hold its form.

The width of a boat at its widest point.

A wind that blows across the boat from side to side.

The compass (magnetic) direction from one object to another.

To sail to windward.

To make secure.

To secure (for example, a sail to a spar or a line to a sail).

Loop.

The very lowest part of a boats interior, where water is most likely to collect.

To take wind from a sail

A nautical pulley.

A device for catching hold of a ring bolt or line when coming alongside a pier or picking up a mooring.

Rope secured to the edge of a sail to give it strength and to facilitate adjusting foot and luff tension.

The spar to which the foot of the sail is attached with lacing, slides, or a groove.

A line to steady the boom when off the wind.

Forward part of the boat.

A spar extending forward from the bow.

Docking line leading roughly at right angles from the boats sides.

Rope span with ends secured for the sheet block to ride on.

To spin out of control and capsize or come close to a capsize; loss of steering.

Any floating object anchored in one place to mark a position or provide a mooring.

On a run, having the wind coming slightly from the side on which the sails are trimmed.

A buoy, used to mark a channel, colored green or black and given an odd number.

To tip over.

To place a boat on her side so that work may be carried out on her underwater parts.

To break or tear loose.

To let go of a line when leaving the dock or mooring; to ease sheets.

A sailboat with a single sail.

A shaped blade attached to the underside of the hull to give the boat lateral resistance when it is sailing to windward.

To damage a line by rubbing.

Metal plates bolted to the side of a boat to which shrouds are attached to support the rigging.

A device affixed to the deck and used as a guide for an anchor or mooring line.

To clear a lee shore.

A fitting used to secure a line under strain.

The outer corner of a sail.

The most windward point of sail, on which the wind is at about 45 degrees.

Describes a craft capable of sailing very close to the wind.

The raised protection around a cockpit.

The space at a lower level than the deck in which the tiller or wheel is located; a cockpit may he center or aft.

A metal ring worked into the sail.

Support for the boom when the sails are furled.

The weight of water displaced by a boat.

The body of waler in which the boat sits while tied up to a float or pier (often used to mean the float or pier itself).

A line attached to the tack of the sail, used to trim the draft forward.

1) The depth or fullness of a sail. 2) The depth of the keel or centerboard in the water.

The leeway or movement sideways of a boat.

Keeping a boat out of water when not in use.

To let out.

A fitting used to change the direction of a line, giving it a better angle from a sail or block to a winch or cleat.

The part of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting.

A nautical measurement for the depth of water. One fathom is equal to six feet.

A windward course by which a craft can make her destination without having to tack.

A floating platform, usually accessible from shore, to which a boat is tied up when docked.

The bottom length of a sail. fore-and-aft in the direction of the keel, from front to back.

The forward part of the keel, adjoining the lower part of the stem.

The most forward mast of a sailboat having two or more masts.

A jib.

Entangled or clogged.

The skeleton of the ship, which holds the hull together and gives support.

Sailing on any point of sail except close-hauled.

The distance from the top of the hull to the water.

Sailing as close to the wind as possible with all the sails full.

To fold or roll a sail on a boom and then secure it with sail ties.

A pole extending from a mast to support the head of a sail.

A piece of rope or canvas used to secure a furled sail.

Any equipment pertaining to a sailboat.

An overlapping foresail.

A device used for suspending the compass so it remains level.

A boat required to keep out of the way of another vessel.

A device that secures the boom to the mast.

A metal ring fastened in a sail.

Anchor, rode, etc., used to secure a boat to her mooring.

A fitting attached to the hull into which the rudders pintles are inserted.

The rail of the boat at deck level.

A line or wire used to adjust and position the spinnaker pole.

A line used to haul sails up and down the mast.

The command used in coming about to inform the crew that the helm is being pushed hard to leeward, turning the boat into the wind.

A forward stay supporting the mast.

Motion forward.

To stop a boat by turning the how to the wind and holding it there. A boat stopped this way is hove to.

The tiller or wheel mechanism by which the boat is steered.

To lean over the side of a boat to help counterbalance heeling.

The vertical edge of a sail; to haul aloft.

The main body of the boat.

Toward the centerline of the boat: mounted inside the hull.

In the wind.s eye and having lost all headway. A boat in irons will not go off

Also called in stays.

A triangular sail set forward of the mainmast.

To change tack on a downwind course. A boat begins to jibe at the moment when, with the wind aft, the foot of her mainsail crosses her centerline. The boat completes the jibe when the mainsail fills on the new tack.

A wire supporting the mast to which the luff of the jib is attached.

A stay on the upper forward part of the mast.

A heavy fin filled with lead ballast under the hull. It prevents the boat from sideslipping by resisting the lateral force of the wind, and it gives the boat stability.

A two-masted sailing vessel with a small after mast stepped forward of the rudclerpo st.

A nautical unit of speed: 6,076 feet or one nautical mile per hour.

A line fastened to an object, such as a pail, whistle, knife, or other small tool

The after edge of a sail.

Away from the wind (also lee).

A wire that encircles the deck to prevent crew members from falling overboard.

Sails made of a lightweight material for use in light winds.

A leaning sideways due to excess weight on one side.

A storage compartment on a boat. lubber.s line A short post inside a compass used as a reference point when steering or taking bearings.

1) The forward vertical edge of a sail. 2) To alter course toward the wind until the boat is head to wind. 3) The flapping of a sail caused by the boat being head to wind.

The principal mast of a sailboat.

The largest regular sail on a modem sailboat.

The line for controlling the main boom.

A tall mast used with a jibheaded rig.

The shorter mast aft on a yawl or ketch.

A heavy anchor or weight permanently in position.

A buoy fitted with a ring and used for mooring a boat.

A buoy with a conical top, found on the starboard hand on entering a channel and painted red. Nuns are numbered evenly.

Away from the shore.

Sailing downwind or before the wind.

Sailing close-hauled.

Away from the centerline of the boat; mounted on the stern.

The line that pulls the mainsail away from the mast and tightens the foot of the sail along the boom.

A short piece of rope secured to the bow of a small boat and used for making her fast to a dock.

To turn the bow away from the wind.

The upper after corner of a gaff sail.

A three-sided flag.

To sail so close to the wind as to allow the sails to luff.

A bolt of metal secured to the rudder and fitting into the gudgeon. The pintle gives a swinging support to the rudder.

To head close to the wind.

The left side of a boat as one faces forward.

A course with the wind coming from the port and the sails trimmed on the starboard side.

That portion of a vessel.s side near the stern.

The outer edge of the deck.

The angle of a boat.s mast from the vertical.

Sailing with a beam wind.

The command given to prepare for coming about.

To reduce the area of a sail.

The straight-line compass course between two points; hence the shortest course, except over long distances, where the great circle course is shorter.

1) In general, a boat's upper works. 2) To set up the spars and standing and running rigging of a sailboat.

The wire or lines used to adjust sails.

The curve of the edge of the sail.

The line and chain that secure the anchor to the boat.

A flat wooden shape fitted on the sternpost by pintles and gudgeons.

Point of sail with the wind aft.

Lengths of webbing used to secure a furled sad to a boom.

To move the rudder rapidly back and forth to propel the boat forward.

An area with rough or moderate waves.

To make safe.

The direction of the leeway of a vessel or of tide or current.

A U-shaped piece of iron or steel with eyes in the ends, closed by a shackle pin.

To let out a reef and hoist the sail.

The wheel of a block pulley.

The line used to control the forward or athwartships movement of a sail.

Vertical wires that hold the mast upright.

A continuation of the keel aft that protects the propeller and sometimes connects to the heel of the rudder.

A balloonlike sail used on a downwind course.

To join rope by tucking the strands together.

An athwartships support that holds the shrouds away from the mast.

A line used when the boat is docked to keep her from moving forward and aft.

A brief storm that arrives suddenly.

A vessel that maintains her course and speed.

That part of a ship.s rigging that is permanently secured and not movable (stays, shrouds, and spreaders).

The right side of a boat as one faces forward.

A course with the wind coming from the starboard and the sails trimmed on the port side.

A rope of hemp, wire, or iron used for supporting a mast fore-and-aft.

A small triangular sail used forward of the mast on a reaching course.

The timber at the extreme forward part of a boat, secured to the forward end of the keel and supporting the bow planks. step the frame into which the heel of a mast fits or stops.

The after section of the boat.

To put away.

A row of planks in the hull.

To fill with water.

1) The forward lower corner of a sail, where the luff and foot meet. 2) Any course on which the wind comes from either side of the boat. 3) To change course by passing into the wind.

An arrangement of ropes and blocks to give a mechanical advantage.

1) A small boat employed to go back and forth to the shore from a larger boat. 2) Heeling easily when close-hauled.

An iron ring grooved on the outside for a rope grommet.

The athwartships seat in a boat.

Steering instrument that controls the rudder.

1) A line or wire to hold the boom off the deck when not in use (also called a boom lift). 2) A line from the mast to the spinnaker pole, controlling spinnaker pole height.

On deck.

The stern facing of the hull.

A sliding fitting to which the mainsheet is attached, keeping the boom in the same place as it is moved in and out.

1) To adjust the sails. 2) The position of the sails relative to the wind.

The delicate adjustment of a boat.s rigging, sails, and hull to the proper balance to assure the best sailing performance.

A threaded link that pulls two eyes together, used for setting up standing rigging.

A change of direction, as in the wind.

The waves from a boat.

An imaginary line around the hull at the surface of the water when the boat is on an even keel.

The state of the atmosphere at a certain time and place.

Well equipped.

To bind the strands of a line.s end with yam or cord.

A light spar extending from the mast and used to hold the jib out when sailing off the wind.

A mechanical device to aid in trimming a line. It consists basically of a coil, on which the line is wound, and a crank to do the winding.

Toward the wind, the opposite of leeward.

Running before the wind with the sails set on both sides.

The regular sails on a boat.

General term for a boat used solely for the personal pleasure of the owner.

• Coast Guard-approved PFD for each person aboard - readily available
• 1 buoyant throwable device (life ring, cushion with straps, etc.) - immediately available
• 1 sound signal (handheld air horn or athletic whistle)
• Appropriate navigational lights required at night and in areas of restricted visibility
• For all boats with installed toilets, a certified marine sanitation device such as a holding tank
• For all boats built since July 1980, a rated power exhaust blower
• An approved combination of day and night visual distress signals such as: (a) 3 combination day/night red flares (handheld, meteor, or parachute type), or (b) 1 orange distress flag (day) plus one electric
• distress light (night), or (c) 3 handheld or floating orange smoke signals (day) plus one electric distress light or 3 flares (night)
• An all-around white anchor light (required when anchored at night)
• 2 fire extinguishers type B-I, or 1 type B-II fire extinguisher

Type I - Offshore Lifejacket: Designed for extended survival in rough, open water. It usually will turn an unconscious person face up. 22 pounds of buoyancy.


Type II - Near Shore Buoyant Vest: For calm inland water where there is chance of fast rescue. Many will turn an unconscious person face-up in the water. 15.5 pounds of buoyancy.


Type III - Flotation Aid: For use in calm water where there is good chance of fast rescue. Will not right an unconscious person. 15.5 pounds of buoyancy.

• Type IV - Throwable Device: Designed to be thrown to a person in the water. Include boat cushions, ring buoys, and horseshoe buoys. Not designed to be worn and must be supplemented by wearable PFD. Do not count for PFDs. Keep immediately available for emergencies,
• and should not be used for small children, non-swimmers, or unconscious people.

Type V - Special Use Device: Include work vests, deck suits, and hybrids for restricted use. Hybrid vests contain some internal buoyancy and are inflatable to provide additional flotation. Manufactured before 1995 must be worn to count for PFD per person. After 1995 must be accesible only.

• 2 Anchors with no less than 200 feet of cable
• Bailer or manual bilge pump
• Flashlight with extra batteries
• First Aid kit
• Tool kit and spare parts
• Navigation charts and equipment
• Soft wood plugs
• VHF radio
• Safety harness
• Life buoys
• Buoyant heaving line
• Inflatable life raft
• Rigid dinghy
• Inflatble dinghy
• Distress flares
• Smoke signals
• Tow rope
• Water-resistant light
• Fog horn

To keep a person on board by attaching the individual to a strong part of the boat: the base of a stanchion, the pupit or stern rail, or a safety line attached to deck cleats. Connect a safety or jackline from the cockpit to cleat on the bow.

The main responsibility of the skipper is the safety of the  crew and the safe operation of the vessel. The main responsiblity of the crew is to assist the skipper in the safe operation of the vessel.

360 degree white light

• Red light on port visible for 22.5 degrees
• Green light on starboard visible for 22.5 degrees
• White stern light visible for 22.5 degrees.

• Red light on port visible for 22.5 degrees
• Green light on starboard visible for 22.5 degrees
• White stern light visible for 22.5 degrees.
• White masthead light over the fore and aft centerline, visible 22.5 degrees ahead.

• Slow down
• Keep a good lookout
• Use sound signals

Power vessel making way

Power vessel under way but not making way through water.

Vessel not under command or restricted in her ability to maneuver.

Vessel being towed.

Vessel at anchor.

Intent to leave the other boat to port.

Intent to leave the other boat to starboard.

Used when you are operating in reverse.

Disagreement with proposed signal.

Return the same number of blasts.

• Ladder
• Sling
• Boson seat
• Life buoys
• Buoyant heaving line

• Mild: Feeling cold, violent shivering, slurred speech. Wrap in a warm towel and give warm fluids.
• Medium: Loss of muscular control, drowsiness, incoherence, stupor, and exhaustion. Share a sleeping bag. Do not try to administer fluids or rub the skin.
• Severe: Collapse and unconsciousness, respiratory distress and or cardiac arrest. Same treatment as medium.

Use a plastic binnacle.

• Alpha Flag: Half white, half blue pennant cut.
• Diver Down: Red square with white stripe.
• Meaning diver in the water, steer clear.

Lee shore is when the shore is on the leeward side of the boat. The danger is if your anchor breaks free or drags you'll be blown ashore.

Mainsail and genoa.

Mainsail and jib.

Reefed mainsail and jib.

• Danforth
• Plow
• Weighted

Approaching cold front. Violent storms possible.