ART

May have been invented anytime from 2nd c. BCE to 1st c CE in China. First introduced to the west through Muslim warriors who demanded the technology from a group of Chinese papermarkes in 751 CE (?). Paper manufactured and very popular in Italy from 13th century on. 1st paper mill in the Alps, 14th c.

Pressed plant stems

streched, drie and treated animal skins

Used in Chiana

Coloring material

Substance with which the pigment is mixed

• Original material for pencils.
• Mixed with varying amount of clay to create soft or hard compounds, which in turn make dark (soft, not a of clay) or light (hard, lots of clay) lines.

Wire in a holder is dragged across a painted ground. Particles of metal left behind tarnish; often seen with white chalk heightening.

Charred wood. Can be brittle and light, or dense and compressed.

Pigment mixed with waxy or greasy substance.

Invented at turn of ninetheenth century. Pigment mixed with clay and a small amount of greasy binder.

Pigment bound with non-greasy binder such as solution of gum arabic or gum tragacanth (gums made from natual sab) and water.

Black chalk; composite of carbon and clay

Red chalk; iron oxide and clay

White chalk; calcite or calcium carbonate

Very finely ground pigments suspended in water with a binder such as gum arabic to hold pigments to the surface.

Pen and ink, brush and ink

Surfaces for drawing

Dry media

liquid media