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Name some "Don'ts" on Lab precautions
- -Recap needles
- -Remove used needles from disposable syringes by hand
- -Bend, break, or manipulate used needles
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What are the components of Blood?
- Fluid portion is 55%
- -Plasma
- -Serum
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Plasma contains what? and what is it used for?
Fibrinogen used to form clot(fibrin)
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What are some reasons for patient isolation?
- To prevent spread of infection
- To protect immuno-compromised patient
- -normal flora of phlebotomist
- -from nosocomial pathogens
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For the Blue Top, what is the formula for adjusting anticoagulant
- 100-HCT x Sample volume= Citrate
- 595-HCT
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The Green top contains what?
- Lithium Heparin, prevents coagulation by
- -interacting w/ anti-thrombin III
- -inhibiting thrombin
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The dilution factor of anticoagulant to blood in the sodium citrate tube is what ratio?
1:9
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Name 5 types of Patient Isolation?
- *Strict
- *Enteric
- *Wound
- *Respiratory
- *Protective
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To compensate for the dilution of anticoagulant to blood, the platelet count must be multiplied by what number?
1.1 (addition of 10% to the intial result)
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What are two methods of venipuncture?
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Name 3 main venipuncture sites .
- -median cubital (site of choice, anchored, stabilized vein by tissue)
- -Basilic (tends to roll, located inner portion)
- -cephalic (located outer portion, skin little tougher)
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When checking for Patient Identification what are two important steps you must do?
Check pts SSN and name
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Do not allow the tourniquet to stay on longer than how many minutes?
1 minute
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What happens if you leave the tourniquet longer than 1 min?
- Hemoconcentration could occur
- Falsely elevates test result
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What should you do if your pt experience the first sign of adverse reaction?
- D/C blood collection
- Release tourniquet & remove needle
- Get pt to a private room
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Capilllary collection are used in what situatuions?
In infants <6 months old
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Why would you use capillary collection on infants <6 months old?
- Dangerous to remove too much blood
- Has small volume of blood
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What is the correct puncture site for neonates/infants?
The heel
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True or False
You can puncture the curvature of the heel of an infant.
False
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What is the puncture depth for capillary collection of an infant?
no more than 1.6mm
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What reagents and Equipment do you need for a capillary collection?
- 70% Isopropyl alcohol
- sterile gauze
- sterile blood lancets
- capillary tubes
- band-aid
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What are the steps to collecting capillary blood?
- Ensure puncture site is warm
- clean w/ alcohol
- puncture against grain of skin quickly and firmly
- wipe away first drop of blood
- 1ml of blood
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What are some comlications you can run into when collecting capillary blood?
- -tissue juice dilution
- -platelet clumping
- (collect platelet sample first)
- -Painful procedure
- (be truthful to children)
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Strict Isolation protects....
the phlebotomist
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When do you use strict isolation?
- in contagious dieseases transmitted via:
- -direct contact
- -air
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What is the purpose of Peripheral Smear?
- To examine cells under microscope
- Test is called WBC differential
- -Different types WBC
- -RBC morphology
- -Platelet estimate
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Name some Wedge smear Reagents & Equipment?
- -Two clean glass slides
- -capillary tubes
- -EDTA blood sample
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Why should you prepare a smears within _hrs?
- 2 Hours
- RBC's become macrocytic
- WBC's & platelets degenerate
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What are some good qualities of a good (peripheral) smear?
- -feathered edge
- -w/ rainbow appearance
- -free of holes, ridges & waves
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What are some qualities of properly Stained slides?
- Eosinophils have bright orange granules
- Basophils have dark blue-black granules
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