Shoulder Girdle Strength Test

  1. Upper Trapezius
    • Origin: Occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7
    • Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion process of scapula
    • peripheral nerve: spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus
    • nerve roots: C3, C4
    • Function: Origin fixed: elevation of scapula; upward rotation of the scapula, stabilize scapula in scapular adduction; insertion fixed: acting unilaterally: extend, laterally flex, and rotate the head and cervical vertebrae to turn face toward opposite side; acting bilaterally: neck extension and assists in forced inspiration
  2. Middle Trapezius
    • Origin: spinous processes of 1st-5th thoracic vertebrae
    • Insertion: medial margin of acromion and superior lipe of spine of scapula
    • Peripheral nerve: spinal portion on cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus
    • Nerve roots: C3, C4
    • Function: Origin fixed: adduction of scapula and horizontal fibers stabilize scapula during upward rotation of the scapula
  3. Lower Trapezius
    • Origin: spinous processes of 6th-12th thoracic vertebrae
    • Insertion: tubercle at apex of spine of scapula
    • Peripheral nerve: spinal portion on cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus
    • Nerve roots: C3, C4
    • Function: Origin fixed: upward rotation of the scapula, depression of scapula, and stabilizes the scapula during adduction of scapula
  4. Rhomboid major
    • Origin: spinous processes of 2nd-5th thoracic vertebrae
    • Insertion: medial border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
    • Peripheral nerve: dorsal scapular
    • Nerve roots: C4, C5
    • Function: adduct and elevates the scapula and downward rotation of scapula
  5. Rhomboid minor
    • Origin: ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of 7th cervical, and 1st thoracic vertebrae
    • Insertion: medial border at root of spine of scapula
    • Peripheral nerve: dorsal scapular
    • Nerve roots: C4, C5
    • Function: adduct and elevates the scapula and downward rotation of scapula
  6. Levator scapulae
    • Origin: transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
    • Insertion: medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of the spine
    • Peripheral nerve: dorsal scapular and cervical
    • Nerve roots: [cervical] - C3, C4 & [dorsal scapular] - C4, C5
    • Function: fixed origin: elevates the scapula and downward rotation of scapula; fixed insertion: unilaterally: ipsilateral cervical lateral bend, and ipsilateral cervical rotation; bilaterally: cervical extension
  7. Pectoralis minor
    • Origin: superior margins, anterior surface of 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
    • Insertion: medial border, coracoid process of scapula
    • Peripheral nerve: medial pectoral with fibers from the communicating branch of the lateral pectoral
    • Nerve roots: C7, C8
    • Function: Origin fixed: tilts scapula anteriorly; insertion fixed: assists in forced inspiration
  8. Serratus Anterior
    • Origin: superior borders of upper eight or nine ribs
    • Insertion: medial border of scapula
    • Peripheral nerve: long thoracic
    • Nerve roots: C5, C6, C7
    • Function: abducts the scapula, upper fibers elevate the scapula and lower fibers depress the scapula; holds the medial border of the scapula firmly against the rib cage (push or pull)
  9. Latissimus dorsi
    • Origin: spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior external lip of iliac crest, and inferior angle of the scapula
    • Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: thoracodorsal
    • Nerve roots: C6, C7, C8
    • Function: Origin fixed: medially rotates, adducts, and extends shoulder joint; depresses shoulder girdle; assists in lateral flexion of the trunk; insertion fixed: assists in tilting the pelvis anteriorly and laterally; bilaterally assists in hyperextending the spine and anteriorly tilting the pelvis or in flexing the spine; acts as accessory muscle of respiration
  10. Teres major
    • Origin: dorsal surfaces of the inferior angle and lateral border of the scapula
    • insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: lower subscapular
    • Nerve root: C6
    • Function: medially rotates, adducts & extends the shoulder
  11. Pectoralis major (clavicular fibers)
    • origin: anterior surface of clavicle
    • insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
    • peripheral nerve: lateral pectoral
    • nerve roots: C5, C6, C7
    • Function: origin fixed (as a whole): adducts and medially rotates the humerus;insertion fixed (as a whole): elevates thorax as in forced inspiration; using assistant devices assists in supporting weight of body; upper fibers: flex and medially rotates the shoulder joint and horizontally adducts the humerus to the opposite shoulder
  12. Pectoralis major (sternal fibers)
    • Origin: (sternocostal portion) anterior surface of sternum; cartilages of first 6 or 7 ribs; aponeurosis of external oblique
    • Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: lateral and medial pectoral
    • Nerve roots: C6, C7, C8, T1
    • Function: origin fixed (as a whole): adducts and medially rotates the humerus;insertion fixed (as a whole): elevates thorax as in forced inspiration; using assistant devices assists in supporting weight of body; lower fibers: depress shoulder girdle; obliquely adduct the humerus toward the opposite iliac crest
  13. Infraspinatus
    • Origin: medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa of scapula
    • Insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule
    • peripheral nerve: suprascapular
    • Nerve root: C5, C6
    • Function: laterally rotates the shoulder joint; stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during shoulder movement
  14. Teres minor
    • Origin: upper dorsal surface lateral border of scapula
    • Insertion: lowest facet of greater tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule
    • Peripheral nerve: axillary
    • Nerve root: C5, C6
    • Function: laterally rotates the shoulder joint; stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during movements
  15. Subscapularis
    • Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
    • Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus and shoulder joint capsule
    • Peripheral neve: upper and lower subscapular
    • Nerve roots: C5, C6
    • Function: medially rotates the shoulder joints; stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during movements
  16. supraspinatus
    • Origin: medial supraspinous fossa of scapula
    • Insertion: superior facet of rearer tubercle of humerus; shoulder joint capsule
    • Peripheral nerve: suprascapular
    • Nerve roots: C5, C6
    • Function: stabilizes head of humerus; initiates abduction of the humerus; laterally rotates the shoulder joint
  17. Middle Deltoid and Supraspinatus
    • Origin: lateral margin and superior surface of acromion
    • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: axillary
    • Nerve root: C5. C6
    • Function: middle deltoid: abduction of glenohumeral joint
  18. Anterior deltiod
    • Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: axillary
    • Nerve Roots: C5, C6
    • Function: shoulder flexion; when in supine-medially rotate the humerus; stabilize to assist middle deltoid with abduction of the glenohumeral joint
  19. Posterior deltiod
    • Origin: posterior border of spine of scapula
    • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
    • Peripheral nerve: axillary
    • Nerve roots: C5. C6
    • Function: shoulder extension; in prone - lateral rotation of the shoulder joint; stabilize the humerus to assist the middle fibers in abduction of the glenohumeral joint
Author
kstowe1
ID
112212
Card Set
Shoulder Girdle Strength Test
Description
origin/ insertion/ action/ innervation
Updated