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funtions of the spinal cord
- highway for messages between brain and body
- coordinates simple protective reflexes without having to involve the brain
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4 areas of the spinal cord
cervical thorasic lumbar and sacralccoygeal
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cervical enlargement
houses nerve that inervate the upper limbs
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cervical area houses
cervical segments, and the cervical englangement
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lumbar enlargement
gives rise to nerves which inervate lower limbs
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thoracic area houses
thoracic segments, lumbar segments, and lumbar enlargement
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lumbar area
sacralccoxygeal segment
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layer of the spinal cord
- Connective tissue - meningies
- Nervous tissue - grey and white matter
- epedymal cells, central canal
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reflexes are
fast and used to protect us ivoluntarily
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5 components of a reflex are
receptor, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, effector
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somatic reflex
- effector is skeletal muscle
- motor neuron located in anterior horn
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autonomic reflex
- effector is a gland, cardiac or smooth muscle
- motor neuron is located in the lateral horn
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dura mater
protects the brain from dispacement outter layer
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arachnoid
protect surround and support the spinal cord
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pia mater
provides blood supply to exterior of organs
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3 spaces
- epidural space
- subdural space
- subarachnoid space: csf flows around the brain and spinal cord
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csf composition
glucose amino acids, salts and oxygen
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csf is made in
inside the ventricle by chroid plexi as filtrate of blood and from epedymal cells lining central canal and ventrcles
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function of csf
cushuon nourish and remove waste absorbed by arachnoid villi
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csf flows in
chroid plexi in lat. vent. - interventricular foramen - choroid plexis in 3rd vent. - cerebral aqueduct - choroid plexi in 4th vent - median aperture or lateral aperture- subarachnoid space
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csf flows out
subarachnoid space - arachnoid villus - blood super sagital sinus - drains to venos system
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posterior horn
house cell bodies and axons of interneurons
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anterior horn
contain motor cell bodies
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lateral horn
house the autonomic motor cell bodies
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posterior root
convey sensations to CNS
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anterior root
convey impulses to muscles
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posterior root ganglion
provides sensory info from body to the spinal cord and brain
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posterior white column
houses bundles of axons with a common origin.
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anterior white collumn
houses bundles of axons with common origin
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central canal
houses ependimal cells and cerebrospinal fluid
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conus medullaris
gives rise to nerves that intervate pelvic and reproductive organs
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cauda equina
- innervate lower limbs and pelvic prgans
- motor and sensory
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filum terminale
attaches the conus medullaris to the coccyx
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spinal nerves
responsible for controlling body fuction
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dura mater
covers and protects spinal cord
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pia matter
supplys oxygen and nutrients to spinal cord
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arachnoid
provide blood supply to pia matter
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