World History-2.txt

Sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church

Rules set up by a monk, Benedict on how to regulate monastic life

Authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors

Worldly force in medieval Europe

A body of laws that had to do w/ religious ways of wills, marriages, and morals created by the Church

The most severe & terrifying penalties for anyone who disobeyed Church law

An order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial

Monks who didn't live in isolated monasteries, took a diff approach to reform

An Italian who founded the first Franciscans

Loosely organized system of gov in which local lords gov their own lands but owed military service & other support to a greater lord

In medieval Europe a lord who was granted land in exchange for service & loyalty to a greater lord

Exchange of pledges between lords and vassals

In medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service & loyalty

A European noble who served as mounted warrior

A mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills

A code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

A wandering poet or singer of medieval Europe

During the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands

In medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land

He established the Germanic kingdom that replaced the Roman empire, in Western Europe

Referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history between ancient & modern times

A Germanic tribe that conquered present day France and neighboring lands in the 400s

He rallied Frankish warriors up & fought off the Muslims in the battle of Tours in 732 & won

Battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks leb by Charles Martel defeated Muslim armies and stopped the muslim advance into Europe

A. K. A. Charles the Great, became king of the Franks & unified Western Europe, which is now, France, Germany, and part of Italy

An ethnic group centered in present day Hungary

Scandinavian ppls whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s-1100s

In the Middle Ages a written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town

Money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise

A group of merchants who joined together to finance a large-scale venture that would have been to costly for any individual trader

Someone who would pay rent to a lord to farm part of the lord's land

A group of ppl, including merchants, traders, & artisans, whose rank was between nobles & peasants

In the Middle Ages, an association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to uphold standards of their trade & to protect their economic interests

A young person learning a trade from a master

A salaried worker employed by a guild master