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Etruscans
They lived mostly north of Rome and they are said to either have originated from Asia Minor or the Alps
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Republic
The people chose some of the officials
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Patrician
Members of the landholding upper class
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Consul
From the patrician class
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Dictator
Ruler who has complete control over a gov
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Plebeian
Farmers, merchants, & artisans who made up most of the pop. had the legal rights of citizenship but little influence
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Tribune
To protect their interests
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Veto
To block laws that they felt were harmful to plebeians
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Legion
The basic military unit & each included about 5,000 men
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Imperialism
Establishing control over foreign lands & ppls
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Latifundia
A wealthy family's estate(big farm)
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Tiberius Gracchus
His brother Gauis & he were plebeians who were some of the first reformers
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Gaius Gracchus
His brother & he were plebeians who were some of the first reformers
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Julius Caesar
An ambitious military commander. He & another brilliant general, Pomey, dominated Roman politics
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Augustus
This became Octavian's title, which means Exalted One & they declared him princeps or 1st citizen
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Census
Pop count of the empire so there would be records of all who should be taxed
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Hadrian
He was one of the "good emperors" who codified Roman law making it the same for all provinces
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Virgil
He wrote an epic poem called the Aeneid where he tries to show Rome's past as heroic as it was in Greece
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Mosaic
Picture made from chips of colored stone or glass
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Engineering
Application of science & mathematics to develop useful structures & machines
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Aqueduct
In ancient Rome underground or bridgelike stone structure that carried water from the hills into the cities
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Ptolemy
An astronomer-mathematician who proposed the theory that Earth was the center of the universe, a mistaken idea that was accepted in the western world for nearly 1,500 yrs
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Messiah
Savior sent by God
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Apostle
Leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
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Paul
A Jew from Asia Minor played the most influential role in spreading Christianity
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Martyr
People who suffer or die for their beliefs
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Constantine
The persecution of Christians finally ended in A. D. 313 when he issued the Edict of Milan
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Clergy
The group of ppl who conduct Christian services
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Bishop
A high church official responsible for everyone in his diocese
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Patriarch
In the Roman & Byzantine empires highest church official in a major city
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Pope
Head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishops of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops
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Heresies
Beliefs said to be contrary to official church teachings
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Augustine
He was a bishop of Hippo in North Africa & he combined Christian doctrine w/ Greco-Roman learning, especially the philoshopy of Plato
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Diocletian
He was an emperor in 284 who set out to restore order
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Inflation
The rapid rise of prices
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Constantinople
The emperor Constantine in 312 renamed the city of Byzantium to this
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Huns
Nomadic ppl who migrated from Central Asia toward eastern Europe which they reached by 370
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Mercenary
Foreign soldiers serving for pay
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