-
Drugs used in PD
- L-DOPA+carbidopa = sinemet
- bromocriptine
- amantadine
-
Drug used for ADHD
Ritalin = methylphenidate
-
Drugs used for epilepsy
- carbamazepine (dec Na; partial & gen t-c)
- phenytoin (dec Na; partial & gen t-c)
- valproate (dec Na + inc GABA; p+gen t-c+gen absence)
- ethosuximide (dec Ca; gen absence)
- phenobaribtal (inc GABA, dec GLUT; p + gen t-c)
- benzodiazapines (inc GABA; all 3)
-
Mechanism of Seizures
- 1. abnormal voltage-operated channels
- 2. abnormal receptor-operated channels
- 3. alterations in EC ionic environment
- 4. recruitment of normal neurons via anatomical circuit
focal epileptogenesis --> synchronization --> propagation
-
phenytoin
- epileptic drug
- dec cation influx (Na/Ca)
- teratogen
- SE: nystagmus, blur, diplopia
partial & generalized tonic-clonic
-
carbamazepine
- epileptic drug
- Na channel blocker --> dec Na influx
- SE: sedation, blur, diplopia, ataxia
partial & generalized tonic-clonic
-
valproate
- epileptic drug
- blocks v-g Na channels & T-type Ca channels --> dec Na
- inhibit GABA transaminase --> inc GABA
- SE: sedation, ataxia, tremors
all 3
-
ethosuximide
- epileptic drug (only for absence seizures)
- blocks T-type Ca channels
- SE: fatigue, HA, dizzy, mood changes
-
phenobarbital
- inc GABA & inhibit GLUT --> inc hyperpolarization
- complications: OD potential, teratogen
Partial & generalized tonic-clonic
-
benzodiazapines
- all forms of epilepsy
- diazepam
-
topiramate
- 1. blocks v-g-dependent Na channels --> inhibit neuronal signalling
- 2. inc GABA --> inc inhibitory effect
- 3. inhibit AMPA/kainate Rs --> inhibit activation
may cause glaucoma
|
|