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Drugs used in PD
- L-DOPA+carbidopa = sinemet
- bromocriptine
- amantadine
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Drug used for ADHD
Ritalin = methylphenidate
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Drugs used for epilepsy
- carbamazepine (dec Na; partial & gen t-c)
- phenytoin (dec Na; partial & gen t-c)
- valproate (dec Na + inc GABA; p+gen t-c+gen absence)
- ethosuximide (dec Ca; gen absence)
- phenobaribtal (inc GABA, dec GLUT; p + gen t-c)
- benzodiazapines (inc GABA; all 3)
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Mechanism of Seizures
- 1. abnormal voltage-operated channels
- 2. abnormal receptor-operated channels
- 3. alterations in EC ionic environment
- 4. recruitment of normal neurons via anatomical circuit
focal epileptogenesis --> synchronization --> propagation
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phenytoin
- epileptic drug
- dec cation influx (Na/Ca)
- teratogen
- SE: nystagmus, blur, diplopia
partial & generalized tonic-clonic
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carbamazepine
- epileptic drug
- Na channel blocker --> dec Na influx
- SE: sedation, blur, diplopia, ataxia
partial & generalized tonic-clonic
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valproate
- epileptic drug
- blocks v-g Na channels & T-type Ca channels --> dec Na
- inhibit GABA transaminase --> inc GABA
- SE: sedation, ataxia, tremors
all 3
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ethosuximide
- epileptic drug (only for absence seizures)
- blocks T-type Ca channels
- SE: fatigue, HA, dizzy, mood changes
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phenobarbital
- inc GABA & inhibit GLUT --> inc hyperpolarization
- complications: OD potential, teratogen
Partial & generalized tonic-clonic
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benzodiazapines
- all forms of epilepsy
- diazepam
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topiramate
- 1. blocks v-g-dependent Na channels --> inhibit neuronal signalling
- 2. inc GABA --> inc inhibitory effect
- 3. inhibit AMPA/kainate Rs --> inhibit activation
may cause glaucoma
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