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protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to presence of a foreign substance called an antigen
antibody
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substance recognized as harmful to the host and stimulates formation of antibodies in an immuncompetent individual
antigen
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substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin, produced by the liver, and excreted in the form of bile
bile pigments
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chemical substances produced by certain cells that initiate, inhibit, increase or decrease activity in other cells
cytokines
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all body fluids found outside cells, including interstitial fluid, plasm, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid
extracellular fluid
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organism that maintains or harbors another organism
host
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ability to develop an immune responce, or the ability to recognize antigens and respond tp them
immunocompetent
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specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane causing its intercelluar fluids to leak out
natural killer cells
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agglitin/o
clumping, gluing
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bas/o
base (alkaline, opposite of acid)
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eosin/o
dawn (rose-color)
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immun/o
immune, immunity, safe
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lymphaden/o
lymph gland (node)
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morph/o
form, shape, structure
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myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
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phag/o
swallowing, eating
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poikil/o
varied, irregular
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-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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-penia
decrease, deficiency
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-phoresis
carrying, transmission
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-poiesis
formation, production
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allo-
other, differing from the normal
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aniso-
unequal, dissimilar
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condition of marked variation in the size of erythrocytes when observed on a blood smear
anisocytosis
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accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or pleural cavity
ascites
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presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodsteam usually transient in nature
bacteremia
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destruaction of a transplanted organ or tissue by the recipient's immune system
graft rejection
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condition that occurs following bone marrow transplant in which the immune cells in the transplanted marrow produce antibodies against the host's tissues
graft-versus-host disease
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Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel
hematoma
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any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule
hemoglobinopathy
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destruction of RBC's with a release of hemoglobim that diffuses into the surrounding fluid
hemolysis
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arrest of bleeding or circulation
hemostasis
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state of being protected against infectious diseases
immunity
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any disease of the lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
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malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphatic tissue (not related to Hodgkin disease)
lymphosarcoma
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serious, life-threatening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infections throughout the body, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, meningitis, or infections of the bone or GI tract; also called blood infection or blood posioning
septicemia
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laboratory test to detect the presences of antibodies, antigens or immune substances
serology
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blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status
titer
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test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
blood culture
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series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; RBC indices; and RBC and WBC morphology
complete blood count (CBC)
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test that enumerates the distribution of WBC's in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBC's and reporting each as a percent age of the total examined
differential count (diff)
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measurement of the distance RBC's settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition; also called sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a whole blood sample
hemoglobin (Hgb) value
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measurement of the percentage of RBC's in a whole blood sample
hematocrit (Hct)
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non specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; also called the heterophile antibody test
monospot
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test that measures the lengh of time it takes blood to clot. it screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
partial prothrombin time (PTT)
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test that measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. it is used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system; also called pro time
prothrombin time (PT)
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mathematical calculation of the size, volume and concentration of hemoglobin for an RBC
red blood cell (RBC) indices
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test used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system
schiling test
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radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium
lymphadenography
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radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection of contrast medium
lymphangiography
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drawing in or out by suction
aspiration
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representive tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
biopsy
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removal of a lymph vessel
lymphangiectomy
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infucion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream
transfusion
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transfusion prepared from the recipient's own blood
autologous
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transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood id compatible with that of the recipient
homologous
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graphing of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another
transplantation
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harvesting, freezing (cryopreserving), and reinfusing the patient's own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy
auntologous bone marrow
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transplantion of bone marrow from one individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficienty disorders
homologous bone marrow
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antibody, abortion
AB, ab, Ab
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blood types in ABO blood group
A,B, AB, O
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acuired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
ALL
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acute myelogenous leukemia
AML
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antigen-presenting cell
APC
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activated partical thromboplastin time
APTT
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basophil (type of white blood cell)
baso
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CLL
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differential count (white blood cells)
diff
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eosinophil (type of white blood cell)
eos
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESR
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hematocrit disease of the newborn
HDN
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human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
ITP
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mean cell hemoglobin (avg, amount of hemoglobin per cell)
MCH
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three types of blood cells
RBC, WBC, and platelets
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develop an iron-containing compound called hemoglobin
RBC
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Protect the body against invasion by pathogens and foreign substances, remove debris from injured tissue, and aid in the healing process
WBC
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Initiate blood clotting when injury occurs- hemostasis
platelets
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substance that initiates clot formation
thromboplastin
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liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended
plasma
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4 blood groups
A, B, AB, O
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serve as a depositories for cellular debris
lymph nodes
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resembles lymph nodes because it acts like a filter removing cellular debris, bacteria, parasites and other infectious agents, also destroys old RBC and acts as repository for healthy blood cells
spleen
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located upper chest and controls the immune system by transforming certain lymphocytes to T cells, the lymphocytes responsibility for cellular immunity
Thymus Gland
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filters to protect the upper respiratory structure from invasion by pathogens, located in the pharynx
Tonsils
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2 types of lymphocytes
T cells and B cells
- –B cells mature in bone marrow
- –T cells mature in thymus gland
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condition in which the Oxygen carrying capacity of blood is deficient
anemia
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Edema Vs. Ascites
- Edema - fluid collects in tissues
- Ascites- fluid in a cavity (liquid in a space)
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Anemis Vs. Septicemia
- Anemia is a general term for a blood condition in which that blood has reduced oxygen-carrying capabilities
- lSepticemia – blood condition in which there is bacteria in the blood
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Hemolysis vs. Hemostasis
- lHemolysis is the destruction of blood
- •Hemo = blood ; lysis = destruction
- Hemostasis is the arrest of bleeding
- •Hemo = blood ; stasis = standing still
- lCan also have erythrolysis = RBC destruction or leukolysis = WBC destruction or thrombolysis = platelet destruction
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Hematoma vs. Hemarthrosis
- Hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin
- Hemarthrosis is the collection of blood in a joint space
- Both are symptoms of hemophilia
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splenomegaly vs. spenorrhexis
- Splenomegaly is an enlarged spleen
- Splenorrhexis is a ruptured spleen
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Exacerbation vs. latent
- Exacerbation is an acute phase of a chronic condition
- Latent is a recession phase of a chronic condition
- Leukemia can have exacerbation periods and latent periods
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