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Cognition
Mental activity such as thinking or representing information
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Analogical Representation
a mental representation that has some of the physical characteristics of an object
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Symbolic Repesentation
An abstract mental representation that does not correspond to the physical features of an object or idea
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Concept
mental representation that groups objects, events, or relations around common themes
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Defining Attribute Model
The idea that a concept is characterized by a list of features that are necessary to determine if an object is a member of the category
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Prototype Model
within each category, some members are more representative than others
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Exemplar Model
info stored about the members of a category is used to determine category membership
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Reasoning
Using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable
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Decision Making
Attempting to select the best alternative among several options
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Problem Solving
Finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal
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Deductive Reasoning
Using a belief or rule to determine if a conclusion is valid
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Inductive Reasoning
Using examples or instances to determine if a rule or conclusion is likely to be true
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Heuristics
shortcuts used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to move from an intial state to a goal state
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Availability Heuristic
Making a decision based on the answer thst most readily comes to mind
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Representativeness Heuristic
A rule for categorization based on how similar the person or ojbect is to our prototypes for that category
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Framing
the effect of presentation on how information is perceived
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Insight
the sudden realization of a solution to a problem
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Restructuring
A new way of thinking about a problem that aids its solution
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Mental Set
A problem solving strategy that has worked in the past
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Intelligence
The human ability to use knowledge, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges
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Mental Age
assesment of a child's intellectual standing compared with same age peers
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Intelligence Quotient
The number computed by dividing a child's estimated mental age by the child's chronological age, times 100
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General Intelligence
the idea that one general factor underlies all mental abilities
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Fluid Intelligence
Information processing in novel or complex circumstances
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Crystallized Intelligence
Knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge
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Multiple Intelligence
people can show different skills in a variety of different domains
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Emotional Intelligence
A form of social intelligence that emphasizes the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions to guide thoughts and actions
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Stereotype Threat
Apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group
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