Ch 6 Westmont Psych

relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience

learned response that occurs when a neutral object comes to elicit a reflexive response when associated with a stimulus that already produces the response

learning process where consequences of a naction determine likielihood that it will be performed again

a reflex; response that doesn't need to be learned

stimulus that elicits a response or reflex without prior learning

stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place

response that has been learned

gradual formation of association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

conditioned response is weakened whenthe conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus

previously extinguished response reemerges following presentation of the conditioned stimulus

stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response

differentiation between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus

an acquired fear that is out of proportion tothe real threat of an object/situation

strength of the CS-US association is determined by the extenttowhich the unconditioned stimulus is UNexpected

any behavior that leads to a statisfying state of affairs will more likely occur, behaviors that lead to an annoying state of affairs will occur less likely; Thorndike's theory

stimulus that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated

reinforcing behaviors that are incrasingly similar to the desired behavior

increase in probability of a behavior's being repeated following the administration of a stimulus

increase of probability of a behavior being repeated through removal of a stimulus

administration of a stimulus that decreases the probability of a behavior recurring

removal of stimulus that decreases the probability of a behavior recurring

those that satisfy basic biological needs

reinforcers that don't satisfy basic biological needs directly

reasonable, unpleasant, and applied immediately

desired behavior is reinforced each time it occurs

behavior is reinforced selectively

reinforcement is based on number of times the behavior occurs

reinforcement is availabe after a speicifc amount of time

A schedule which reinforcement is consistently provided

reinforcementis applied at different rates or at different times

the great persistence of behavior is under partial reinforcement rather than continuous

Use of operant condition techniques to eliminate unwanted behaviors and replace them with desirable ones

learning taking place without reinforcement

unit of knowledge transferred within a culture

occurs when behaviors are acquired or modified following exposure to others performing the behavior

the imitation of behavior through observational learning

people learn the consequences of an action by observing others being rewarded or punished for performing the action

neurons that are activated during observation of others performing an action

rats would press a lever to self-administer shock to specific sites in their brains

nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, medial forebrain bundle, hippocampus

decrease in behavioral repsonse following repeated exposure to nonthreatening stimuli

increase in behavioral repsonse following exposure to threatening stimuli

strengthening of a synaptic connection so that postsynaptic neurons are more easily activated