Sensation

• Relative size
• Relative height
• Texture gradient
• Familiar size
• Aerial perspective
• Linear perspective
• Vanishing point

we assume that smaller objects are farther away from us than larger objects

• Below horizon objects higher in vidusl field appear to be farther away
• Above horizon objects lower in visual field appear to be farther away

Items of same size from smaller images when they are farther away

a cue based on knowledge of the typical size of object

• light scatters when it travels through the atmosphere
• This scattering of light makes distant objects look fainter, blue, and less distinct than close objects

lines that are parallel in the 3d world will appear to converge in a 2d image

point at which parallel lines will meet

A cue to distance or depth used by artists to depict 3d depth in 2d pictures

use of pictoral depth cues to create a 2d image that looks 3d only when viewd from a particular image

relative motion of objects provides distance information.

• 1a. objects in front offixation point move in the opposite direction to you
• 1b. objects behind fixation point move in the same direction as you
• 2. Objects closer to fixation point move more slowly than objects farther from our fixation point

• The amount ofmuscle contraction needed to change shape of the lens
• gives us distance information

• 1. convergence
• 2. binocular disparity

• amount of muscle tension used to move eyes to an object
• can be used as a distance cue
• close toobservation

• Each eye sees a slightly different view of the world
• This difference is a distance cue
• The red line is exactly the same distance from fovea

the area of space where other objects will also fall on corresponding points

the retinal images of a single object are formed at the same distance from the fovea in each eye

• 1. corresponding points
• 2. non corresponding points
• 3. panum's fusion area

• objects that do not fall on the horopter create non corresponding points on each retina
• The further away, the more disparity (blurry)
• double vision

• Small region surrounding horoptor
• in PFA objects fall on non corresponding points, yet dont create double images

double images

• Created by objects in front of the horoptor
• Images in front of horoptor are displaced
• --To the left of the fovea in the right eye
• --To the right of the fovea in the left eye
• This doesnt happen when image is gehind horoptor its more orderly

• Created by objects behind horoptor (there is no crossing disparity in eyes)
• Images behind the horoptor are displaced...
• --The right of fovea in the right eye
• --The left of fovea in the left eye
• (Finger test - 1 farther away/1 closer)

• Anaglph glasses
• Polarized glasses
• Shutter glasses

cheap blue and red glasses

• puts color back in to the film
• Subtract all light waves that are coming from one direction

Converging (crossing) or diverging (uncrossing) the eyes in order to view a stereogram without a stereogram

• Inability to use binocular disparity as a depth cue
• Cant see the picture inside the magic eye picture
• --Can result from a childhood visual disorder, such as strabismus, in which the 2 eyes are misalligned

• 1. No binocular disparity
• 2. Crossed disparity
• 3. Uncrossed disparity

A cell only responds to a certain kind and amount of disparity

• our visual systems take into account depth cues when interpreting the size of objects
• The hering illusion
• Ames Room-2 teddy bears
• Ames window
• Muller-Lyer illusion (arrows)

man on train tracks-actually the same size

• pictures that can be taken two or more different ways
• *Nesser cube
• *Duck rabbit
• *Seeing black outline figure in a vase
• *Tessellation

• Elephant with too many feet
• Never ending staircase
• WEird triangle
• Figures that could never happen or be built/done