Chem 32 chapter 9

A hydroxyl is an OH group.

An alcohold is a hydroxyl group ( OH ) bonded to a hydrocarbon ( C-C-C ) chain, the OH must be attatched to a C.

It will normally attatch to the carbon in the alkene that itself has more Hs attatched to it. So if it's between CH and CH₂ the H in the H-OH molecule will prefer to attatch to the CH₂ part of the alkene.

Hydration is when a water molecule H₂O / H-OH breaks into seperate H and OH and attatches to an alkene hydrocarbon ( C=C ). The H will nomrally attatch to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attatched to it and the OH will attach to the other C that was part of the alkene group.

Enzymes are proteins ( and molecules ) that act as catalyst to speed up reactions in the body. Enzymes also make sure compounds react in a certain way when there is more than one way in which they can react.

The O-H in an alcohol group is polar with the O being negative and H being positive. So, the positive Hs of alcohol molecules are attracted to the negavie Os of other alcohol molecules.

the easier it dissolves in water.

the more easily it dissolves in water.

organic solvents.

Chiral molecules have 4 different things attatched to a carbon atom in the molecule. Chiral molecules have different things on either side of a double c=c bond.

Enantiomers are two different, mirror-image forms of the same molecule.

All enzymes are chiral molecules.

A phenol is a benzyne ring with a hydroxyl ( alcohol ) attatched.

Phenols are also weak acids.

Phenols dissolve pretty well in water and have higher boiling points than similar sized hydrocarbons.

A thiol is like an alcohol but it has an S ( sulfur ) instead of an O ( oxygen ) where the hydroxyl group would be.