american gov't study cards 2

a practice of unlimited debate in the senate in order to prevent or delay a vote on a bill

a vote to end senate filibuster, requires a three fifths majority or sixty votes

reversal of a presidental veto by a two thirds vote in both houses of congress

presidental authority to kill a bill submitted within ten days of the end of a legislative session by not signing it

the apolitical unifying role of the pres as symbolic representation of the whole country

the political role of the pres as leader of a political party and chief arbiter of who gets what resources

the presidents executive role as the head of federal agencies and the person responsible for the implementation of national policy

a presidential advisory group selected by the president made up of the vice president, the heads of the federal executive departments, and other high officials to whom te president elects to give cabinet status

the presidents role as the top officer of the country's military establishment

the president's executive role as the primary shaper of relations with other nations

formal agreements with other countries negotiated by the president and requiring aprroval by 2/3 of the senate

a presidential arrangement with another country that creates foreign policy without the need for senate approval

a presidents authority to reject a bill passed by congress may be overridden by a 2/3 majority in each house

clarifications of congressional policy issued by the president and having the full force of the law

the justice department officer who argues the gov'ts cases before the supreme court

a presidents authority to release or excuse a person from the legal penalties of a crime

presidential powers implied but not explicitly stated in the constitution

a presidents ability to convince congress, other political actors, and the public to cooperate with the administrations agenda

the predictable rise and fall of a presidents popularity at different stages of a term in office

the time following an election when a presidents popularity is high and congressional relations are likely to be productive

executive personnel who work with members of congress to secure their support in getting a presidents legislation passed

political split between two parties. ine controlling the white house and the other controlling one or both houses of congress

collection of nine organizations that help the president with policy and political objectives

organization within the EOP that oversees the budgets of departments and agencies

organization within EOP that provides foreign policy advice to the president

organization withing EOP that advises pres on economic matters

approximately four hundred employees within the EOP who work most closely and directly with the president

the person who oversees the operations of white house staff and controls access to the president

image projected by the pres that represents how he would like to be perceived at home and abroad

an organization characterized by hierarchical structure, worker specialization, explicit rules, and advancement by merit

the principle that bureaucracy should be depoliticized by making it more professional

the 19th century practice of rewarding political supporters with public office

system in which succssful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors

nonmilitary employees of the gov't who are appointed through the merit system

1883 civil service reform that required the hiring and promoting of civil servants to be based on merit, not patronage

1939 law limiting the political involvement of civil servants in order to protect them from political pressure and keep politics out of the bureaucracy

the principle that beueaucratic employees should be answerable for their performance to supervisors all the way up the chain of command

the complex procedures and regulations surrounding bureaucratic activitity

groups of citizens whose interests are affected by an agency or department and who work to influence its policies

one of the major subdivisions of the federal gov't represented in the president's cabinet

gov't organizations independant of the department but with a narrower policy focus

limitations or restrictions on the activities of a business or individual

companies created by congress to provide the public a good or service that private enterprise cannort or will not profitably provide

beauracratic use of thier own judgement in interpreting and carryuing out the laws of congress

publication containing all federal regulations and notifications of regulatory agency hearings

individuals who publicize instances of fraud, corruption, or other wrongdoing in the bureaucracy

the phenomenon of a clientele group, congressional committe, and bureaucratic agency cooperating to make mutually beneficial policy