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Carolus Linnaeaus
- Contribution to biology was the two-part Latin names genus and species
- Binomial system of nomenclature
- Linnaeus named more than 4000 plants and animals, and biologist since Linnaeaus have used his system to name some 1.4 million more species
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Charles Darwin thought…
- 1. That the world is ever changing and very old
- 2. That species are made up of individuals
- 3. That species change
- 4. That all organisms are related
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On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin stated that….
- 1.That the Earth was extraordinary old
- 2.That one species could change into another
- 3.That humans and apes were related
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Amniotic Fluid
Geneticists usually obtain the fetal chromosomes by taking a simple of fetal cells
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
- Uses cells present in the placenta-the tissue that carries nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s blood to the embryo and wastes from the embryo back to the mother
- CVS may be done 6 to 12 after conception
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Polygenetic
Traits are influenced by more than one gene
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Pleiotropy
The capacity of one gene to have diverse effects
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Race
Members of the same species with slight mutations
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Transgenic Organisms
- Organisms that carry recombinant DNA in their genomes
- Foreign gene incorporated
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Recombinant DNA
Any DNA molecule consisting of 2 or more DNA segments that are no found together in nature
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Biotechnology
The use of living organisms for practical purposes
Biotechnology first arose 10,000 years ago when humans began selecting and breeding useful plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
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Linnaecus named organisms by ________and ________
Genius and species established binomial system of nomenclature
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The hereditary disorder _________ results in the production of abnormal red blood cells.
Sickle cell anemia
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The study of genetics _________
Deals with heredity and variation
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According to Lamarck, species change by inheritance of _____
Acquired traits
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Which of the following is part of Darwin’s ideas?
- All organisms are related
- Species evolve gradually, through steady accumulation of changes
- Life involves a struggle for survival
- All of these are Darwin’s ideas
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During electrophoresis the shortest DNA fragment move ________ relative to larger fragments
Faster
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Which of the following is not one of the four things the human genome project is designed to accomplish?
Provide information to health insurers that will enable them to adjust their premium charges
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Which of the following hereditary conditions is based on a single dominant allele?
Huntington's disease
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Geneticists obtain fetal chromosomes by taking a sample of fetal cells from the ______
Amniotic Fluid
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Carolus Linnaeus contributed to the basis of modern evolutionary theory by ______
Classifying organisms into a hierarchy of groups by similarities
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Who rejected catastrophism, replacing it with uniformitarianism?
Charles Lyell
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Thomas Malthus contributed which of the following insights that led to Darwin's and Wallace's theory?
Organisms tend to have more offspring than can survive on local resources
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Age of Paleozoic
The age of fish and ancient life
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Proterzoic
- Primitive aquatic plants-algae, fungi
- Produces oxygen
- Form ozone layer
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Javmaias sineneis
Mammal the size of a shoe found in Acient China
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Poikilothirmic
Cold-blooded: vaired in body-temperature
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One can map out how environment by now the animals and plants changed
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Carolus Linnaeus contributed to the basis of modern evolutionary theory by
classifying organisms into a heirarchy of groups by similarities
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Who rejected Catastrophism, replacing it with uniformitarianism?
Charles Lyell
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Thomas Malthus contributed which of the following insights that led to Charles Darwin's and Wallaces theory?
Organisms tend to have more offspring than can survive on local resources
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The Mesozoic Age is often called the age of _______
reptiles
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The wing of a bat is _____ to the wing of an insect and _____ to the flipper of a whale
Analogous Homologous
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Changes in the frequencies of alleles of genes in a population are called _______
Microevolution
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All mutations
Result from changes in the DNA
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In order for a variant to be important in natural selection it must, by definition,
- change the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
- have a genetic basis
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A population that maintains a stable distribution of genotype frequencies from generations to generation is said to be
in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
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Even the most lethal recessive alleles can persist indefinitely in the population because
they can be masked in the heterozygote condition
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Change in gene frequency that is not due to selection, mutation, or immigration is called________
random drift or genetic drift
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For members of two different populations to be part of the same species they must
be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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George Cuvier's hypothesis of "catastrophism" implied that
there must have been a series of differnt creation of life after each catastrophe
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The inheritance of acquired characterisitics was first proposed by ________ as a mechanism to produce evolution
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
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The side toe or slpint, of horse and the pelvic bones of a snake are examples of ________ structures
Vestigial
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A volcano erupts on an island, killing off 99% of the members of a lizard species. Ten years later, scienctist survey the island and find the lizards have multiplied to former numbers, but the gene frequencies in the population have changed significantly. This is most likely due to _______
A difference in the gene frequencies of the few survivors from the orginal population
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During the 1880s the pepper moth experinced a change in the frequency of the gene producing coloration shifting to darker forms in the polluted industrial areas. The change in gene frequency was the result of _______
decreased survival by light moths in blackened areas
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Accoring to Darwin, artifical selection differs from natural selection in that artifical selection
is directed by a human agent
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Lamark proposed a theory of evolution that differed from Darwin primarily in that Lamark believed that
evolution was driven primarily by the needs of individual organisms
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The Coenozoic age is often called the age of ________
Mammals
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Consider a population of lizards with a normal distribution for weight. If both heavy and light lizards have a lower survival and reproductive success than do medium sized lizards the population would experince ____ selection
stabilizing
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Which of the following are Darwin's ideas?
- All orgainsms are related
- Species evolve gradually, through steady accumulation of changes
- Life involves a struggle for survival
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Which of the following is listed in correct taxonomic order?
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
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According to Lamark species change by inheritance of
Acquired traits
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The study of genetics
deals with heredity and variation
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The hereditary disorder_______ results in the production of abnormal red blood cells
Sickle cell anemia
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Linnaeus named organisms by ______ and _______
- Genus and species
- Established binomial system of nomenclature
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